Antibiotics are widely used in the husbandry industry for disease prevention and treatment. However, due to limited absorption by animals, a substantial amount of antibiotics remains as residues in livestock manure. If the antibiotics are discharged into the environment or applied to land without complete elimination, they pose a serious threat to the environment. This article reviews the potential of anaerobic digestion, composting, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, and constructed wetlands for removing antibiotics, along with current methods for improving treatment technologies. It identifies the existing problems in antibiotic treatment within the livestock sector and provides a reference for reducing antibiotic pollution in the livestock industry.

Livestock manure is rich in organic matter and nutrients, making it a valuable resource that should be effectively utilized. However, the presence of heavy metals in untreated livestock manure can lead to environmental problems, limiting the direct use of livestock manure. Composting is an effective method for recourse utilization, whereby the organic matter is converted into humus, effectively reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals during this process, and ultimately obtaining desired compost products. This paper focuses on the humification process of composting, elaborating on the theories of humus formation, the passivation mechanism of heavy metals in composting materials and the application of spectroscopic technology in the process of humification, providing a reference for the green utilization of livestock manure.

This study, based on empirical data from 878 female Shaanbei White Cashmere goats across three age groups (1, 2, and 3 years old), employed Pearson correlation analysis, path analysis, and stepwise multiple regression to systematically investigate the direct and indirect effects of body weight and morphometric traits (body length, body height, cross height, chest circumference, and cannon bone circumference) on cashmere traits (fiber length, hair length, fiber fineness, and cashmere yield). Results revealed that cashmere yield was significantly positively correlated with chest circumference and body weight across all age groups. The prediction model for cashmere yield at 3 years of age showed the highest fitting accuracy:Y₄ (cashmere yield)=9.747X₁ (body weight)+14.302 X₅(chest circumference)+10.881 X₂ (body length)+72.439 X₆ (cannon bone circumference)+12.552 X₄ (cross height), with R²=0.563. Chest and cannon bone circumference contributed most significantly. Cashmere length and hair length exhibited more complex, age-dependent patterns: chest circumference and body height were key predictors at 1 year, while the importance of cannon bone circumference and body length increased at 2 and 3 years. In contrast, although fiber fineness could be statistically associated with certain morphometric traits (e.g., body length and cannon bone circumference), the overall regression fit remained low (R²≈0.13-0.25). This study conducted cross-age structural analysis on body traits and fiber characteristics, with path analysis revealing the interactive pathways and shifting weights of predictors at different developmental stages. This not only identified key morphological traits for effective prediction of cashmere yield but also offered age-specific breeding strategy references. It is recommended to focus on chest circumference and body length for early screening at the 1-year-old stage. At the 2-year-old stage, emphasize longitudinal skeletal development and limb circumferential coordination. And at the 3-year-old stage, conduct multi-dimensional comprehensive monitoring to accurately estimate cashmere performance.

To investigate the influence of Holstein body conformation on lactation performance, data were collected for Holstein cows in the Tianjin region within 30-180 days postpartum from their first calving, including body conformation measurements and Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) identifications.  Body capacity, rump, limbs and hooves, lactation system, and dairy-type functional trait scores were calculated, and an overall body conformation score was derived. Then the correlations between body conformation and lactation performance indicators were analysed and the significance analyses of lactation performance and lactation curve parameters across conformation grades (Good G (75-79), Good-Perfect GP (80-84), and Very Good VG (85-89)) were conducted. The results showed that the overall conformation score was positively correlated with milk yield, peak milk yield, 305-day milk yield and adult equivalent (P<0.01), while it was negatively correlated with milk fat percentage and peak day (P<0.01). Among the three conformation grades, the rankings for milk yield, somatic cell, peak milk, 305-day milk volume and adult equivalent were VG>GP>G. Specifically, the milk yield, peak milk, 305-day milk yield, and adult equivalent for GP and VG grades were significantly higher than those for the G grade (P<0.05), with no significant difference between GP and VG grades (P>0.05). For milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and peak day, the rankings were G>GP>VG, where the milk fat percentage and protein percentages for the G grade were significantly higher than those for the GP and VG grades (P<0.05), with no significant difference between GP and VP grades (P>0.05). The conformation grade significantly affected the total monthly milk yield during the lactation period (parameter a), with GP and VG grades showing significantly higher parameter a values than the G grade, while there was no significant difference between GP and VG grades. The conformation grade did not significantly affect the incremental rate of milk yield (parameter b) or the decline rate of milk yield (parameter c). Cows of the G-grade exhibited the latest peak day in their lactation curve and the lowest peak milk yield, while cows of the GP grade had the earliest peak day and the highest peak milk yield; however, cows of the VG grade demonstrated better overall lactation performance. The results showed a positive correlation between the overall body conformation score and milk yield indicators, and a negative correlation with milk fat percentage and peak day. Cows in the VG grade exhibited the best lactation performance overall. Therefore, it is recommended that breeding programs in farms emphasize the importance of body conformation in dairy cows. 

To study the impact of passivator on the enrichment and transport of heavy metal Cd in a neutral soil-silage maize system, a pot experiment was conducted using manganese dioxide-amino modified cattle manure biochar (MNB) as the passivator, with northeastern black soil and silage maize as the experimental materials. The objective was to clarify the inhibitory effects of different application rates of MNB on Cd enrichment and transportation within the soil-silage maize system, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for mitigating soil Cd pollution risks and the resource utilization of cow dung. The results showed that: (1) key soil indicators, such as pH, EC and OM, increased significantly with the application of MNB (P<0.05). An application rate of 2.0% demonstrated the most effective enhancement of soil nutrient indicators. Compared to the CK treatment, soil pH increased by 1.70%~3.67%, EC increased by 46.09%~56.44%, OM increased by 14.45%~18.77%, alkaline dissolved nitrogen increased by 1.51~3.18 times, available phosphorus increased by 0.47~1.73 times, and available potassium increased by 1.14~1.48 times. (2) As the Cd concentration in the soil increased, the effects of MNB application on the forms of Cd in the soil were consistently observed. The contents of weak acid-extractable, reducible and oxidisable Cd forms all decreased with increasing MNB application rates, while the content of residual state increased, with increases of 9.14%, 22.70% and 29.79%, respectively, all showing significant differences (P<0.05). (3) Comparing the Cd5B0 and Cd5B2 treatments, MNB application resulted in reductions of Cd content in various parts of silage maize (stem, leaves, and seeds) by 33.73%, 17.50% and 35.92%, respectively. The application of MNB significantly inhibited the enrichment and transport capacity of Cd in the soil-silage maize system. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between soil nutrient indexes and Cd content in different parts of silage maize. Improving soil nutrient indicators can, to some extent, reduce the bioavailability of Cd in soil, thereby indirectly decreasing the migration capacity of Cd within the soil-silage maize system. The results of the study revealed that the application of MNB can enhance soil nutrient content and reduce the bioavailability of Cd in the soil, significantly inhibiting the enrichment and transport of Cd in the soil-silage maize system.

To understand the usage of antibacterial drugs and antibiotic-substitute products in broiler chicken breeding in Jiangsu province, a filed survey was conducted at 148 broiler chicken farms in major broiler producing areas. The survey collected data on the basic information of the farms, quality management practices, occurrences and prevention of animal diseases, the use of alternative products and antimicrobial drugs, and industry demands. The results indicated that broiler chicken production in Jiangsu Province primarily follows a “company+base+cooperative+farmer” business model. Yellow-feathered broilers are mainly raised using floor-rearing systems, while white-feathered broilers are typically raised in cages. The adoption rate of alternative products exceeds 90%. Commonly used antibacterial drugs include amoxicillin, doxycycline, tylosin, tiamulin, florfenicol, and enrofloxacin. Herbal additives are the preferred alternative products among farm operators. They believe that the quality production of broilers should be assessed comprehensively in terms of breeding stock quality, environmental control, and product testing. Overall, the use of antibacterial drugs in Jiangsu's broiler chicken farming is largely regulated. The implementation of alternative products and reduction technologies for antibacterial drugs has played a significant role in decreasing veterinary drug usage, thereby ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of the broiler chicken industry in Jiangsu Province.

To understand the prevalence of duck reovirus and parvovirus in Shandong Province, a total of 2,159 serum samples, 960 cloacal swabs, and 750 terminated embryos samples were randomly selected from 20 large-scale duck breeding farms across Weifang, Tai'an, Liaocheng, Dongying, and Rushan, comprising 2 ancestral breeding farms and 18 parental farms,during  January 2022 and December 2024. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) was employed to detect antibodies against duck reovirus and duck parvovirus in serum samples, while fluorescent PCR was used to for the detection of duck reovirus and duck parvovirus in cloacal swabs and termination embryo. The results showed that the natural infection rate of reovirus in the breeding duck population of Shandong Province was relatively high. Significant differences were observed in the positive rates of antibodies among parental breeding ducks across different sampling periods (P<0.001 ). The natural infection rate of duck parvovirus was low. Both fluorescence PCR tests of cloacal cotton swabs and termination embryo for duck reovirus and parvovirus returned negative results. Overall, the grandparent and parent duck populations in Shandong exhibited a widespread covert infection status with duck reovirus, although the likelihood of vertical transmission appeared relatively low, with horizontal transmission being the predominant route. It is recommended that Shandong implement enhanced management and biosafety measures for breeding ducks and continue epidemiological monitoring of duck reovirus to establish a foundation for effective disease prevention and control.

As a fundamental component of closed pig housing, the ventilation system plays a crucial role in controlling indoor air quality, temperature, humidity, and the concentration of harmful gases. This paper analyzes the environmental characteristics of closed pig houses and elaborates on the significance of reasonable ventilation design for promoting pig health, growth, and enhancing production efficiency. It introduces methods for determining ventilation volume and air exchange rate, along with key considerations for ventilation system design. Additionally, by examining three different types of pig houses, the study evaluates the application effects of ventilation design in improving air quality and regulating temperature and humidity. The findings provide a reference for the design and implementation of ventilation systems in closed pig housing.

Tibet stands out as a unique region among the five major pastoral areas in China, characterized by its extremely high altitude, complex climate, and vast plateau grasslands, which collectively create a distinctive and favorable environment for excellent livestock resources, especially the genetic resources of the local cattle breed. This paper assesses and analyzes the genetic resources of Tibetan cattle from aspects such as population, conservation methods, and current utilization status. Additionally, a scientific, feasible, and sustainable development approach is proposed to address the existing challenges in the conservation of Tibetan yellow cattle genetic resources. 

When Party building thrives, undertakings flourish; when Party building is strong, development is robust. The century-long history of the Communist Party of China demonstrates that the Party's strength stems from its organization, which serves as the foundation for enduring stability. Promoting high-quality development through high-quality Party building is a key directive from the Central Committee regarding the enhancement of Party work in higher education institutions. It is an essential path for building universities with Chinese socialist characteristics and a crucial lever for accelerating the development of world-class disciplines. This study takes the integrated and innovative practice of Party building and disciplinary development in the animal science program at Northwest A&F University as an example. It explores how a “Big Party Building” framework can establish the structural pillars for disciplinary reform and development, thereby generating new momentum and pathways to boost the speed and efficiency of institutional advancement.