Organic solid waste posssses a dual nature of pollution and resources. Under the new context, the resource utilization of organic solid waste is an essential pathway towards achieving “carbon emission reduction” and “carbon neutrality” goals, serving as a crucial breakthrough in advancing the circular economy. Anaerobic digestion, as a relatively economical means for stable treatment of organic solid waste at home and abroad, has increasingly garnered widespread research and application in recent years. Simultaneously, the digestate generated from anaerobic digestion contains a significant amount of organic matter and pathogens, making the effective disposal of digesate a key factor in promoting the anaerobic digestion technology for organic solid waste. By analyzing the current status of resource utilization of organic solid waste domestically and internationally, this study summarizes the current challenges and research progress in anaerobic digestion technology for organic solid waste. It elucidates the treatment methods and carbon emission characteristics of digestate at the end of anaerobic digestion, and proposes future research focuses on anaerobic digestion technology for organic solid waste and the digestate at the end of digestion, providing insights for China's resource utilization of organic solid waste, achievement of the “dual carbon” goals, and reduction of environmental pollution.

Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide in the world, with extremely high application value, but the polarity of cellulose molecules and the interaction force between molecular chains are very strong, and the six-membered pyran ring structure in cellulose makes it difficult to rotate inside, which is a major obstacle to cellulose degradation. Recent studies have indicated the presence of microbial flora in the digestive tract and feces of herbivores that exhibit strong cellulose degradation capabilities. Therefore, utilizing microbial flora within animal bodies to address environmental pollution and agricultural waste presents significant implications. This review summarizes the recent progress in the screening of cellulosedegrading bacterial strains and the enzymatic properties found in the digestive tracts and feces of animals, providing valuable insights for the future utilization of cellulosedegrading bacterial strains and the study of cellulosedegrading enzymes.

Based on whole-genome resequencing data, this study focuses on 719 East Friesian-Hu hybrid sheep from Shaanxi Shanghe Sheep Farm. Utilizing SPSS and BLUPF90 software, genetic parameters for traits such as body height, body length, chest width, chest depth, chest girth, and cannon circumference were estimated. The results indicate that the heritability of body height, body length, chest width, chest depth, chest girth, and cannon circumference for 2-month-old East Friesian-Hu hybrid sheep is 0.32, 0.32, 0.23, 0.40, 0.28, and 0.35, respectively. Genetic correlations among body size traits ranged from 0.58 to 0.86, while phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.35 to 0.59. Notably, there exists a strong correlation between chest girth and both chest width and chest depth, suggesting the potential for indirect selection of these three traits to accelerate breeding progress. This study provides a genetic assessment of body size traits in East Friesian-Hu hybrid sheep in Shaanxi region, and explores the genetic relationships between different body size traits. The findings offer a theoretical basis for optimizing breeding schemes and genetic evaluations.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of yeast culture on the growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant and immune indicators of weaned piglets. 72 weaned piglets at 21 days of age with an average weight of 6.80±0.03 kg were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and three piglets per replicate. The control group was fed the basal diet, and the 1% YC, 2% YC, and 4% YC groups were added 1%, 2%, and 4% of  yeast cultures to the basal diet, respectively, for an experimental period of 28 d. The results showed that (1) after 28 d of feeding, the BW of the 4% YC group was highly increased compared with that of the control group (P<0.01), during 1~14 days, the ADG in the 4% YC group significantly increased (P<0.05), and during 1~28 days, the ADG in the 4% group showed a trend of increase (0.05<P<0.1). (2) The HDL-C content in the 1% YC, 2% YC, and 4% YC groups was significantly increased, the LDL-C content was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and a trend towards decreased BUN-P content was observed (0.05<P<0.1) The GPT content in 2% YC and 4% YC groups was significantly increased(P<0.05). (3) MDA content were markedly lower in the 1% YC, 2% YC, and 4% YC groups, while the contents of SOD, CAT, and T-AOC were significantly elevated (P<0.01 ). (4) The content of IgG was significantly higher in the 1% YC, 2% YC, and 4% YC groups (P<0.01), the content of IgM in the 1% YC group and 4% YC group showed a significant increase (P<0.01). These results showed that yeast culture can enhance the antioxidant capacity and bolster the immune function in weaned piglets, in addition to improving their lipid function. Specifically, incorporating 4% yeast culture into their diet has a beneficial effect on the growth performance of piglets.

This experiment was conducted to estimate the effect of the feed supplemented with Ginkgo biloba leaves on the growth performance, intramuscular fat deposition, and muscle antioxidant capacity of growing-finishing Sujiang pigs. Seventy-two growing-finishing Sujiang pigs with similar body weight of (50.45±1.23) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 6 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate. The control group was fed a basic diet, while the experimental groups were fed a basic diet containing 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% Ginkgo biloba leaves, respectively. The trial lasted 42 days after 7 d adaptation. After the experiment, the backfat thickness, intramuscular fat content (IMF) , fatty acid composition, and intramuscular antioxidant indicators in the longissimus dorsal muscle were measured, and the relative mRNA expression levels of related antioxidant molecules were measured using real-time fluorescence PCR. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the control group, the diet supplemented with 0.3% Ginkgo biloba leaves (P<0.01) and 0.5% Ginkgo biloba leaves (P<0.05) significantly increased the IMF content, and 0.3% Ginkgo biloba leaves in the diet significantly reducded backfat thickness (P<0.05). The addition of different doses of Ginkgo biloba leaves had no significant effect on average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed to weight ratio (F/G) compared to the control group. 2) Compared with the control group, the addition of 0.3% Ginkgo biloba leaves in the diet significantly increased the contents of intramuscular monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), oleic acid and linolenic acid (P<0.05), and significantly reduced the content of saturated fatty acid (SFA), n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio, atherogenic index (AI) and thrombosis index (TI) (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the diet added with 0.3% and 0.5% Ginkgo biloba leaves significantly reduced intramuscular malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P<0.05)  and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P<0.05) . Moreover, the 0.3% Ginkgo biloba leaves in the diet increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) activity (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the addition of 0.3% and 0.5% Ginkgo biloba leaves upregulated the relative mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the longissimus dorsi muscle (P<0.05). In addition, adding 0.3% Ginkgo biloba leaves to feed upregulated the relative mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) (P<0.05). In summary, the addition of Ginkgo biloba leaves to feed can upregulate the genes expression of related molecules in Nrf2 signaling pathway, improve intramuscular antioxidant capacity, reduce MUFA and PUFA peroxidation, increase IMF content. The diet with 0.3% Ginkgo biloba leaves can more effectively improve the n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio, AI, and TI in the longissimus dorsal muscle.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of inulin on growth performance, organ indices, and antioxidant capacity in mice. Forty 4-week-old male mice were randomly allocated into five groups, with 8 mice in each group. The negative control group (NC) received a basal diet, and four experimental groups were supplemented with 0.25 g· kg^-1· d^-1 short-chain inulin (SL), 0.5 g · kg^-1· d^-1  short-chain inulin (SH), 0.25 g· kg^-1· d^-1  long-chain inulin (LL), and 0.5 g· kg^-1· d^-1 long-chain inulin at a high dose (LH). Following a 3-day pre-trial period, the formal trial lasted 28 days. At the end of the experiment, growth performance and organ indices were evaluated, and antioxidant parameters in serum and liver tissue were measured. The results revealed that:  (1) Compared to the NC group, average daily feed intake (ADFI) significantly increased in SH, LL, and LH groups (P<0.05), with SH and LL groups showing higher ADFI than the SL group (P<0.05). (2) The liver index in the LH group was significantly lower than that in the NC group (P<0.05), while serum levels of GSH-Px and CAT were significantly elevated (P<0.05). MDA levels were significantly reduced in SH, LL, and LH groups (P<0.05).  (3) In liver tissue, LH and SH groups exhibited significantly higher levels of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT (P<0.05) and lower levels of MDA (P<0.05) compared to the NC group; LL group showed a significant increase in SOD levels (P<0.05). Additionally, SOD elevation in the LH group surpassed that of SH and LL groups (P<0.05), and MDA reduction was greater in LH than LL (P<0.05); SH group improved liver SOD and CAT levels more effectively than SL group (P<0.05). In conclusion, both long-chain inulin and high-dose short-chain inulin significantly enhanced ADFI in mice. Notably, high-dose long-chain inulin demonstrated the greatest efficacy in lowering liver index and enhancing systemic antioxidant capacity.

To investigate the effects of different early weaning strategies on the growth and slaughter performance of Zhongwei male kids, 36 newborn male kids (body weight 3.42±0.05 kg, within 3 days of age) were randomly allocated into three groups: a control group (CK), a weight-based weaning group (Experimental Group I), and an age-based weaning group (Experimental Group II). Each group consisted of three replicates, with four kids per replicate. Results indicated that kids in the experimental groups had higher body weight at 90 days, average daily gain, and body height compared to those in the CK group, with Experimental Group I showing significantly higher values (P<0.05). The weaning weight in Experimental Group I was significantly higher than that in Group II (P<0.01), although the differences in average daily gain at weaning between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). Moreover, carcass weight, rumen weight, reticulum weight, abomasum weight, and small intestine weight were higher in the experimental groups than in CK, with Group I significantly exceeding CK in these indicators (P<0.05). No significant differences were found among the three groups regarding slaughter rate, omasum weight, and large intestine weight (P>0.05). These findings suggest that early weaning of Zhongwei male kids is feasible, and weaning at a body weight of approximately 10 kg yields better outcomes.

To explore the optimal model of returning manure to the land for livestock and poultry breeding in the West Liaohe Plain, and to clarify the effects of manure application on soil properties and nutrient absorption by maize, a study was conducted using 11 kinds of manure and chemical fertilizer gradient management models. The treatment groups were as follows: a control group with no fertilizer (CK, CF₀M₀), full manure application (CF₀M₁₀), manure-fertilizer combinations (CF1M9 to CF₈M₂) and full manure application (CF₁₀M₀). The results showed that the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the 10~20 cm soil layer increased by 81.78%, 6.52%,31.90%, respectively, compared to the CK treatment; and these indicators increased by 6.11%, 20.76%,33.79%, respectively, compared to the CF₁₀M₀ treatment. There was a highly significant positive correlation between soil organic matter content and the levels of available phosphorus and available potassium (P<0.01). In the 20~40 cm soil layer, cation exchange capacity in the CF₇M₃ treatment was higher than in the CK and CF₁₀M₀ treatments, showing increases of 13.74% and 2.76%, respectively. Cation exchange rate exhibited a significant positive correlation with the amount of chemical fertilizer applied (P<0.05). Additionally, soil conductivity was decreased by 8.55% and 29.34% in the CF7M3 treatment compared to the CK and CF₁₀M₀ treatments, with a highly significant negative correlation (P<0.01) noted between conductivity and manure application. 2) During the big trumpet stage and tasseling stage, the nitrogen intake in maize organs in the CF₇M₃ treatment was significantly higher than in other treatments, showing increases of 11.8 to 30.6%, 34.3 to 36.8% and 24.9 to 37.5%, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. At maturity, phosphorus absorption in corn organs in the CF₇M₃ treatment was increased by 25.3%, 36.8%, 14.5% compared with the CK treatment, and by 16.6%, 53.1%, 22.2% compared to the CF₁₀M₀ treatment. （3) The CF₇M3 treatment yielded the highest seed setting rate of 77.98%, and the maximum yield of 5 594.88 kg/hm², representing increases of 52.05% and 1.52% compared to the CK and CF₀M₁₀ treatments, respectively, and a 2.63% increase over local conventional farming practices. In conclusion, applying livestock manure to replace 30% of chemical fertilizers can enhance nutrient content in various soil layers in the West Liaohe Plain, promote nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by maize, and increase maize yield.

A 6-year-old mixed-breed dog presented with mild dyspnea, exacerbation of respiratory distress post-exercise, and pronounced vomiting. The owner reported normal feeding, deworming and immunization practices for the affected dog. To determine the underlying cause of these symptoms, a comprehensive clinical examination, X-ray, B-mode ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) scan were performed. Subsequent cytological examination through surgical puncture sampling was also conducted. The results showed that the dog was alert and responsive, with abnormal cardiac auscultation. Physical examination revealed fluid fluctuations in the thoracic region without palpable masses or abnormalities elsewhere. X-ray imaging showed cardiomegaly and minimal pleural effusion. Ultrasound examination showed significant masses in the cardiac ventricular base and septum. CT imaging demonstrated bilateral pleural effusions, minimal pericardial effusion, areas of increased lung density, thickened mediastinum, irregular nodules and masses at the cardiac base, enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, and mildly enlarged hepatic lymph nodes without evidence of bone dissolution. Microscopic examination of mediastinal tissue cell staining showed hyperchromatic irregularly shaped nuclei, exposed or free chromatin in a  punctate to lace-like pattern, and pale pink cytoplasm. The comprehensive imaging and cytological findings led to a diagnosis of ectopic thyroid carcinoma in the dog. This case highlights the characteristic DR and CT features of canine ectopic thyroid carcinoma, which aid in localizing the sizing the lesion. However, definitive diagnosis of ectopic thyroid tumors requires histopathological evaluation to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment planning for veterinary patients.

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a recently developed isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique based on the use of recombinase enzymes capable of binding single-stranded nucleic acids (oligonucleotide primers), single-stranded DNA-binding proteins, and strand-displacing DNA polymerases. This method does not require a PCR instrument, offering advantages such as simple operation, rapid reaction times, high specificity, and high detection sensitivity. It holds significant potential for rapid detection of animal diseases. This review summarizes the current application status of RPA technology in the detection of pathogens responsible for animal diseases, discusses its prospects, and aims to provide a reference for rapid diagnosis and control of animal diseases.

Acrermonium terricola culture (ATC), as a fungal feed additive derived from Cordyceps, contains various bioactive compounds such as cordycepic acid, cordycepin, and polysaccharides. These compounds exhibit multiple biological functions, including enhancing animal production performance, increasing antioxidant capacity, and strengthening the immune system. This article reviews the main physicochemical properties, biological activities, and recent research progress regarding the application of ATC in livestock and poultry production. The aim is to explore novel natural and green additives for the post-antibiotic era in animal husbandry, thereby promoting sustainable and healthy development in the industry.