As an important component of agricultural and rural economy, animal husbandry plays an crucial role in achieving rural revitalization through green development. The paper summarizes the main progress of green development in animal husbandry under the rural revitalization strategy, analyzes the current practical difficulties faced by existing green development in animal husbandry, and proposes several countermeasures in response to these challenges. The aim is to provide a reference for further promoting the green and highquality development of animal husbandry.
Heat stress can lead to metabolic disorders, decreased productivity and reproductive performance in dairy cows, affecting their health and even threatening their lives, resulting in great economic losses. Effectively addressing heat stress is a serious challenge faced by key stakeholders in promoting the high-quality development of the dairy industry. This article summarizes the effects of heat stress on dairy cow health, with a focus on the advantages of vitamin-based anti-stress supplements in alleviating heat stress in dairy cows. This provides a basis and reference for breakthroughs in nutritional technology in alleviating heat stress in dairy cows.
The experiment aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of Yao chicken using the sequence of mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop region). A total of 64 Yao chicken’s mitochondrial DNA D-loop regions were fully sequenced to assess the genetic diversity and haplotype characteristics of Yao chickens. Additionally, a NJ phylogenetic tree was constructed to illustrate the relationship between different haplotypes and red jungle fowl. The results showed that the genetic diversity of haplotypes in Yao chickens were 0.779, with a nucleic acid diversity of 0.00148. Ten haplotypes were identified, belonging to four haplotype groups A, B, C, and E, with E being the dominant haplotype group. The main maternal source might be the Indian subspecies in South Asia. This study enriches the genetic diversity data of chicken populations in China and provides a scientific basis for the conservation, utilization and genetic breeding of Yao chicken germplasm resources.
To better understand the variability and distribution of comb notches number of single-combed Qingyuan Partridge Chickens in the conservation and breeding populations, this study investigated the fast-feathering and slow-feathering lines within the conservation and breeding populations of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens. Furthermore, the study explored the differences in comb notch numbers among slow-feathering lines, as well as the correlations between comb notch numbers and body weight (at 42, 70, and 105 days of age), body measurements (comb height, tibia length, and tibia circumference) at different ages. The results indicated that the predominant comb notch numbers for various strains of Qingyuan Partridge chickens were 5 for large ones, and 5, 6, and 7 notches are the majority, among which the comb notches of male Qingyuan Partridge Chickens are all above 4. Large comb notch number and total comb notch number showed no impact or correlation with body weight and body measurements at various stages for male Qingyuan Partridge chickens. The hens with a large comb notch number ≥6 and a total comb notch number of 7 exhibited better growth performance. Among the correlations with different comb notch numbers, there was a significantly weak positive correlation between large comb notch number in slow-feathering line hens of Qingyuan Partridge chickens and body weight at 42 days of age (r=0.161,P＜0.01), indicating that the large comb notch number in single-combed Qingyuan Partridge slow-feathering line hens could assist in early selection for body weight at 42 days of age.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary oregano essential oil on quality and meat quality related gene expression of Luhua chicken meat. A total of 120 49-day-old healthy Luhua chickens (body weight 1 478.75±85.81 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate. The diets of each group were supplemented with 0 (Q8 group), 50 (QO50 group), 100 (QO100 group) and 150 mg/kg oregano essential oil (QO150 group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 75 days (3 days for pre-test and 72 days for formal test). At the end of feeding, meat quality and the expression of meat quality related genes were measured. The results showed 1) compared with group Q8, quinoa diet supplemented with oregano essential oil had a certain effect on LRP1 gene in breast muscle of Luhua chicken, and significantly increased the mRNA expression of LRP1 gene in group QO100 (P<0.05). 2) Compared with group Q8, quinoa diet supplemented with oregano essential oil significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of CAPN1 gene in leg muscle of QO50 group (P<0.05). 3) The expression level of LRP1 gene was significantly positively correlated with water loss rate, drip loss and shear force in thoracic muscle tissue (P<0.05). CAST gene expression level was positively correlated with drip loss and shear force (P<0.05). The expression level of CAPN1 gene was negatively correlated with shear force (P<0.05). 4) LRP1 gene expression level was positively correlated with shear force in leg muscle tissue (P<0.05). The expression level of CAST gene was positively correlated with water loss rate and drip loss (P<0.05). The expression level of CAPN1 gene was negatively correlated with drip loss (P<0.01) and shear force (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary oregano essential oil has a certain effect on the expression levels of LRP1 gene and CAPN1 gene in muscle tissue, and LRP1, CAST and CAPN1 genes are significantly correlated with meat quality indexes related to tenderness.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of methionine on growth performance, body size indexes, organ indexes and blood biochemical indexes of Wuqin 10 ducks aged 5 to 9 weeks. A total of 280 28-day-old commercial Wuqin 10 ducks were randomly divided into five groups and fed experimental diets containing 0.24%, 0.32%, 0.40%, 0.48% and 0.56% methionine, respectively. There were four replicates in each group and 14 ducks in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 35 days. The results showed different methionine contents in diets of Wuqin 10 ducks aged 5 to 9 weeks had significant effects only on their final weight at 63 days of age (P<0.05), with no significant effects on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, ratio of feed to gain and body size indexes(P>0.05). Different dietary levels of methionine had significant effects on gladogastric index, jejunal relative length and ileum relative length of 5-9-week-old ducks (P<0.05), but had no significant effects on other organ indices (P>0.05). Different dietary methionine levels had no significant effects on the blood total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid and triglyceride of Wuqin 10 ducks at 5-9 weeks of age (P>0.05), but had significant effects on globulin, ASpartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total cholesterol (P<0.05). A quadratic regression model was established based on the body weight and blood globulin content of Wuqin 10 ducks at 63 days of age, and the optimal dietary methionine content of was obtained, being 0.359 and 0.438, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal dietary methionine level of 10 ducks aged 5 to 9 weeks is 0.39%.
The research studied the effects of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on egg quality and inflammatory factors in spleen, liver, and ileum mucosa of heat-stressed laying ducks. 180 42-week-old Linwu laying ducks were allocated into control or EGCG-treated groups. Each group had 6 replicates with 15 ducks in each replicate. The control group was fed with basal diet, while the experimental group was fed basal diet with 300 mg/kg EGCG supplemented. The pre trial period was 10 days, and the trial period was 42 days. The trial period is divided into two stages: heat stress period and recovery period, each with 21 days. Results showed that supplementing 300 mg/kg EGCG to the diet (1) significantly enhanced the eggshell strength of laying ducks during the heat stress period (P<0.05). (2) It increased the content of TNF-α in spleen during recovery period (P<0.05) , reduced the content of IL-6 in spleen during both the heat stress period (P<0.01) and the recovery period (P<0.05). There was no significant effect on the TNF-α content in the spleen during the heat stress period, nor on the levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) throughout the entire period (P>0.05). (3) It exerted no significant effect on TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in liver during whole period (P>0.05). (4) During the heat stress period， it significantly increased TGF-β (P<0.05) and reduced IL-6 (P<0.01) in the ileum mucosa, and significantly reduced the IL-6 content in the ileum mucosa during recovery period (P<0.05). However, there was no significant effect on the content of TNF-β during recovery period and TNF-α and IL-1 during the whole period (P>0.05). Therefore, it can be seen that adding EGCG to diet can improve egg qualities of heat-stressed ducks, reduce IL-6 in spleen and ileum mucosa of heat-stressed laying ducks, and enhance TNF-α in spleen and TGF-β in ileum mucosa.
The study aims to investigate the methods for isolation, culture, identification, and induction of differentiation of satellite cells from rabbit skeletal muscle, and to establish a comprehensive culture system for rabbit skeletal muscle satellite cells. New Zealand White rabbits at 1 day of age were selected as the experimental animals and satellite cells from hind leg muscle tissue were isolated using a combination of collagenase and trypsin digestion method. Subsequently, the satellite cells were purified using differential adhesion method and induced into mature myotubes under low serum conditions. Finally, protein immunoblotting technique was employed to analyze the expression of the satellite cell marker gene MyoG, and the induced differentiated skeletal muscle satellite cells were identified using MHC immunofluorescence staining for myosin heavy chain (MHC). The results showed that the purified rabbit skeletal muscle satellite cells exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology with evident refringence. Upon further induction of myogenic differentiation, successful formation of myotubes was observed. Protein immunoblotting results indicated a significant increase in MyoG expression in the differentiated cells, while immunofluorescence indentification showed positivity for MHC. In conclusion, this experiment successfully isolated and cultured primary rabbit skeletal muscle satellite cells, established a comprehensive culture and induction differentiation technique system for rabbit skeletal muscle satellite cells, laying a solid foundation for further in vitro studies on rabbit skeletal muscle satellite cells.
This study focuses on the soil-grass-livestock system in Dangxiong County, Lhasa City. Soil, grass, and yak blood samples were collected in both warm season (July) and cold season (December), which were analyzed to determine the levels of major elements and trace elements. The study aims to investigate the dynamic changes and correlations of mineral elements within the soil-grass-livestock system, and provide a scientific basis for supplementing mineral elements during the winter feeding process for yaks.The results showed that (1)there were significant differences in the contents of mineral elements in pasture soils between cold and warm-season (P<0.05). The contents of K, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co and Se in warm-season pasture soils were significantly higher than those in cold-season pasture soil (P<0.05), while the contents of Ca and P in warm-season were significantly lower than those in cold season (P<0.05). (2) The contents of K, P, Fe, Zn, Co and Se of forages in warm-season were significantly higher than those of cold-season (P<0.05), the contents of Na and Mn were significantly lower than those of cold-season pasture (P<0.05), and neither Ca nor Cu content in forage showed a significant difference between warm- and cold-season pastures (P>0.05). (3) The P content of yak serum in July was significantly higher than that in December (P<0.05), the contents of Na and Cu of yak serum in July were significantly lower than those in December (P<0.05). However, the contents of K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se did not show significant changes between warm and cold seasons (P>0.05). (4) In warm-season pastures, the contents of P and Se in soils correlate significantly with those in forage (P<0.05), additionally, the contents of Ca, K, Fe and Se elements of yak serum correlate significantly with those in forages(P<0.05). In cold-season pastures, Na contents in both soils and forage showed a significant correlation (P<0.05) , and only Se content in forages and yak serum exhibited a significant correlation (P<0.05). In summary, substantial changes in mineral elements are found in pasture soils and forages between cold and warm seasons. Therefore, the variation in mineral elements due to season shifts should be taken into account in yak grazing management. It is important to supplement specific mineral elements in the forage to ensure the health of the yaks.
WANG Zhen, HAN Yongsheng, ZHANG Shufen, DING Xinying, FU Long, MA Shanshan, YIN Junyi, BAI Changsheng, ZHAO Jinbo, LI Wei, WANG Yan, WANG Huan, LIU Qiujin
To explore the passivation ability of cow dung biochar (DMB), manganese dioxide modified cow dung biochar (MDMB), and amine modified cow dung biochar (NDMB) in Pb and Cd co-contaminated soil, a soil passivation experiment was conducted using Pb and Cd co-contaminated black soil as the research object. The effects of different types and application rates (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) of cow dung biochar on soil physicochemical properties, available content, speciation distribution of Pb and Cd in soil, and the enrichment and translocation of Pb and Cd by silage corn were analyzed. The results showed that the soil pH, electrical conductivity, and organic matter content increased with the application of DMB. Additionally, the biochar transformed the weak acid extractable forms of Pb and Cd into residual forms. When the application rate was 0.6%, the distribution of weak acid extractable Pb and Cd in the MDMB treatment decreased to 10.21% and 40.21%, respectively, while the residual form distribution increased to 49.23% and 23.23%, showing the most significant passivation effect on Pb and Cd in the soil. Compared to the control treatment (CK), the available content of Pb and Cd in the soil decreased by 38.53% and 49.98%, respectively. The biochar reduced the enrichment factor of Pb in the silage part (SP) and roots (RP) of silage corn, and only showed a decreasing trend in Cd in RP. Meanwhile, the translocation factor of Pb and Cd increased with the application of cow dung biochar. The research results indicated that the application of biochar changed the physicochemical properties of the soil. Modified cow dung biochar had a stronger ability to reduce the available content of Pb and Cd compared to cow dung biochar, it also reduced the enrichment of Pb and Cd by silage corn in the soil, but promoted the transfer of Pb and Cd to the silage part.
By evaluating the consumption of residual livestock manure in crop planting area, the load-bearing capacity of manure application on cropland, and pollution threat levels, this study explores the balance and dynamics of using livestock manure as fertilizer in major agricultural regions of the Sichuan Basin (Hongya, Kaijiang, Yanting, and Xingwen Counties) from 2006 to 2017. The results indicate that over the past decade, the load-bearing capacity of livestock manure on cropland in this area has been approximately 0.84, with a pollution threat level classified as Level III (“potential pollution threat”). The cultivated areas capable of absorbing residual manure increased from 1.80×104 hm2 to 7.11×104 hm2. Meanwhile, the load levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and manure on cropland have shown a declining trend, suggesting a slowed imbalance. Significant regional differences were observed in the degree of imbalance: Hongya County exhibited the highest load-bearing level at 1.20, classified as Level IV (“serious pollution threat”); Yanting County followed (0.90, Level III), Kaijiang (0.84, Level III), while Xingwen exhibited the lowest level at 0.53, classified as Level II (“slight pollution threat”). Phosphorus pollution posed a more prominent risk than nitrogen, with phosphorus load levels (0.84) exceeding those of nitrogen (0.63). The pollution threat grade for phosphorus was Level III, higher than that for nitrogen (Level II). The findings suggest that tailored crop-livestock integration models are key to achieving the balance of planting and breeding by using livestock manure as fertiliser.
To elucidate the efficiency and influencing patterns of two technologies-wet curtain filtration and deodorization curtain spraying-on ammonia reduction, this study provides foundational research data for ammonia emission reduction in livestock housing. The primary measurement indicator is the ammonia concentration before and after purification. Utilizing a simulated experimental chamber while minimizing interference factors, the study investigates the impacts of technologies, emission concentration, circulating liquid, and their interactions on ammonia removal efficiency. The results indicate that (1) there is no significant difference in ammonia removal efficiency between the two processes (P>0.05); both methods achieve removal efficiencies exceeding 30%. (2) Emission concentration and circulating liquid significantly affect ammonia removal efficiency (P<0.05), with both the emission concentration and the pH of the circulating liquid showing a negative correlation with ammonia removal. (3) The interactions between the three factors-technologies, emission concentration, and circulating liquid-do not show a significant impact on ammonia removal efficiency, nor do the pairwise interactions among these factors (P>0.05). In summary, processes based on chemical absorption can effectively reduce ammonia emissions in livestock housing while ensuring production safety and controlling economic costs. Furthermore, efficiency can be improved by adjusting the pH of the circulating liquid, thereby providing a theoretical basis and data support for ammonia reduction strategies in livestock environments.
Animal husbandry has been found to account for approximately 18% of global human-induced carbon emissions, significantly impacting global greenhouse gas emissions. This study focuses on the three provinces in Northeast China and estimates the carbon emissions from animal husbandry from 2000 to 2021. Using LMDI decomposition method, the study reveals the driving effect of animal husbandry carbon emissions from five perspectives. The results showed that factors such as agricultural industrial structure and economic level have a positive promoting effect on carbon emissions from animal husbandry in the three provinces of Northeast China, while factors related to output efficiency, labor and population have a negative driving effect on carbon emissions from animal husbandry in the region.
To provide a basis and germplasm materials for the breeding of high-yielding alfalfa cultivars, the agronomic traits of 87 alfalfa varieties-including herbage yield, plant height, dry-to-fresh weight ratio, leaf-stem ratio, leaf area, number of branches, internode length, internode number, and number of internodes per unit length-were evaluated and analyzed across three locations in Henan Province. The results indicated that plant height and internode length showed the most significant positive correlations with herbage yield, with correlation coefficients ranking first and second, respectively. Internode length was also significantly positively correlated with plant height. Conversely, dry-to-fresh weight ratio and the number of internodes per unit length were significantly negatively correlated with plant height. Based on comprehensive performance, varieties such as WL919, Tianma, Juneng 601, Claudi, Juneng 995, and Youke were selected as suitable for demonstration and promotion in Henan, demonstrating high yield, tall stature, long internodes, numerous branches, high dry-to-fresh weight ratio, high leaf-stem ratio, and many internodes.
Strontium (Sr), belonging to Group 2 of the periodic table alongside Calcium (Ca), is an essential trace element for humans and animals. Sr has been utilized in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, therapy for osteoarthritis, and has shown positive effects in the treatment of bone metastases. Additionally, Sr possesses various pharmacological actions, including antipruritic effects and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In animal husbandry, Sr is increasingly applied to evaluate gastrointestinal calcium absorption capacity and to prevent diseases related to calcium-phosphorus metabolic disorders. This review aims to summarize the recent research progress concerning the application of Sr in biomedicine and animal husbandry production, with the goal of providing a reference for the broader and more impactful use of Sr in veterinary medicine and livestock production.
Drug residues in livestock and poultry products not only affect the safety of livestock products, but also endanger human health, product export trade and social stability. Countries around the world are intensifying their efforts to manage drug residues. The Chinese government attaches great importance on the regulation of drug residues in livestock and poultry products, and the safety level of these products is currently at its historical peak. However, drug residues in livestock and poultry products have not yet been eradicated. This paper proposes comprehensive measures for controlling drug residues throughout the entire production process of livestock produts, aiming to promote the green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of animal husbandry in China.
Food waste and distiller's grains are important local wastes that can be converted into high-quality protein by the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). The ratio of food waste to distiller's grains is 10∶0 in the control group (A),While it is 9∶1,8∶2,7.5∶2.5 and 7∶3 in group B,C,D and E,respectively. The results showed that (1) at the age of 26 days, the proportion of distiller's grains was 10%, and there was a significant difference in the quality of black soldier flies compared to other treatment groups (P<0.05). (2) When the proportion of distiller's grains was 10%, the weight of black soldier fly was the highest, at 241.80 mg/20 pieces. When the proportion of distiller's grains was 30%, the minimum weight gain was 165.89 mg/20 pieces. (3) When the proportion of distiller's grains exceeded 20%, the food intake of black soldier fly larvae began to decrease. Compared with the control, when the proportion of distiller's grains was 10%, the feeding amount of black soldier fly larvae was the highest, at 163.10 g/20 pieces. (4) When the proportion of distiller's grains was 10%, the black soldier fly was the longest, with an average of 2.12 cm/20 pieces. When the proportion of distiller's grains was 30%, It was the shortest, with an average of 1.89 cm/20 pieces. In summary, the optimal ratio of distiller's grains to kitchen waste for the growth of black soldier fly larvae is 1∶9. This study provides technical support for the future recycling of distiller's grains and kitchen waste.
Giardia duodenalis is an important intestinal protozoan parasite that can infect a variety of hosts, including pigs and humans. It causes diarrhea, malnutrition, weight loss and other clinical manifestations, which not only brings considerable economic losses to the animal husbandry but also endangers the public health. Molecular biology techniques have played important roles in the detection, genotyping and traceability of Giardia duodenalis. The paper reviews the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis from pigs in China, providing a reference for the effective prevention and control of giardiasis.
The Tibetan veterinary medicine has strong medicinal properties, with minimal toxic side effects, low residue and no drug resistance, making it irreplaceable in the breeding of livestock and poultry. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research and development of Tibetan veterinary medicine and proposes suggestions for development, aiming to provide reference for the rescue, protection, inheritance and development of Tibetan veterinary drugs.
Under the context of developing new agricultural disciplines, education on the welfare of aquatic animals has become a key breakthrough for cultivating versatile agricultural talents in the new era. This study uses the course Aquatic Ecology as a platform for reform, systematically analyzing core issues in current teaching such as fragmented knowledge systems, lack of practical training, and insufficient interdisciplinary integration. An innovative Four-Dimensional Driving teaching reform model is constructed. Strategies including course module restructuring (theoretical advancement), integration of virtual and real scenarios (technological empowerment), interdisciplinary PBL (Problem-Based Learning) collaboration (capability integration), and a three-dimensional evaluation system (quality closed-loop) are implemented to achieve the organic unification of knowledge transmission, skill development, and value shaping. The results show that, after reform, students' mastery of aquatic animal welfare knowledge increased by 29.8% (P<0.01), the excellent rate in technological application improved by 65.2% (P<0.01), and ethical decision-making ability increased by 53.6% (P<0.05). The constructed sustainable teaching reform model of “Disciplinary Integration-Embedded Virtual and Real Scenario-Industry-education Collaboration” provides a replicable solution for curriculum innovation in aquaculture-related courses.
Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology
Monthly ,Founded in 1980
Superintendent: Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Sponsored by: Northwest A&F University
Chief Editor: CHEN Yulin
website: jcst.magtech.com.cn
ISSN 1673-1182
CN 61-1433/S
Mailing code: 52-112
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