23 December 2025, Volume 46 Issue 12

    

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  Research Progress and Prospects of Aerobic Composting Technology of Sheep Manures

  GUO Zhenzhen, JIANG Kunhong, BAI Lin, QIU Shixiu, JIANG Dongmei

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.001

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  Sheep manure is considered as a high-energy fertilizer, containing a significant amount of organic matter (over 80%) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium exceeding 5%). If used directly without treatment, it can easily damage the root systems of crops due to its high nutrient content. Additionally, various pathogens and parasite eggs present in sheep manure can lead to environmental contamination. To achieve the goal of an 80% comprehensive utilization rate of manure by 2025, it is essential to vigorously develop and promote optimized treatment technologies for livestock waste (including manure, wastewater, and odorous gases) that ensure harmlessness and resource recovery. This paper provides an overview of the basic physicochemical properties of   sheep manure, the current pollution status, and the key factors influencing the aerobic composting of sheep manure. It reviews the effects of adding biochar, carbon additives, and microbial inoculants on the aerobic composting process of sheep manure. Furthermore, it offers prospects for advancing the harmless and resourceful treatment technologies for sheep manure, providing a reference for research and application in the resource utilization of sheep manure.
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  Research Progress on the Protective Effects of Taurine on Organism Multi-system

  WANG Weile, XIE Hongmei, JI Lili, ZUO Zhaoyun

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.002

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  Taurine is a kind of free amino acid found in animals that exhibits various biological functions, including anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, adjusting hormone release and regulating inflammatory cytokines release. It also offers protective effects on the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems. In recent years, taurine has garnered significant attention as a feed additive in animal husbandry and disease treatment. This paper reviews the physicochemical properties and safety of taurine, as well as its protective effects on multiple systems in recent studies, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the application of taurine in animal production and disease treatment applications.
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  Effect of Salmonella typhimurium on the Cecum Transcriptome and Its Intestinal Flora of Wenchang Chickens

  XIE Yaochen, CHEN Shenghong, WEN Xiaobo, RAN Xuhua

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 15-23. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.003

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  Salmonella typhimurium, as one of the major intestinal pathogens in poultry, interacts with host intestinal cells and the gut microbiota to facilitate its own invasion and colonization after infection. To investigate the mechanisms underlying its interactions with the gut microbiota and the host, this experiment infected 14-day-old Wenchang chickens with S. typhimurium. Changes in the cecal microbiota structure and host gene expression were comparatively analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing technologies. The results showed that, following S. typhimurium infection, the overall diversity of the cecal microbiota in Wenchang chickens showed no significant difference compared to the non-infected group (P>0.05). Compared to the healthy control group, the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes in the infected group decreased by 2.98%, whereas the abundance of its subordinate families Ruminococcaceae and Veillonellaceae increased significantly (P<0.05). Simultaneously, the abundance of Coriobacteriaceae, belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, also showed a significant increase (P<0.05). Transcriptome analysis further revealed that the downregulated differentially expressed gene PLA2G12B was enriched in metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid and linolenic acid metabolism, with the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway being closely associated with the initiation of inflammatory responses. The findings of this study provide new insights into the relationships among S. typhimurium, the gut microbiota, and poultry. Further in-depth research will contribute to the treatment of salmonellosis.
  
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  Correlation Regression Analysis of Body Size, Body Weight, Wool Length, Cashmere Length and Cashmere Yield of Xinjiang Cashmere Goats

  ZHANG Rongyin, Rusitanmu Yalikun, WEI Peiling, ZHONG Liwei, GUAN Mingxuan, GENG Tianying, GONG Ping

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 24-29. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.004

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  In order to investigate the relationships between body measurements (body height, body length, chest circumference), body weight, hair length, cashmere length, and cashmere yield in Xinjiang cashmere goats, this study collected production data from 2039 adult female Xinjiang cashmere goats aged 1-5 years over a four-year period. Correlation, path, and multiple regression analyses were conducted, and an optimal regression equation was established. The results showed that body height, body length, chest circumference, body weight, hair length, and cashmere length were all significantly positively correlated with cashmere yield (P<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that body weight had the greatest direct effect on cashmere yield, followed by body length, while chest circumference primarily exerted an indirect influence on cashmere yield. The optimal linear regression equation relating cashmere length (X₁), hair length (X₂), body height (X₃), body length (X₄), chest circumference (X₅), body weight (X₆) to cashmere yield (Y) was:Y=13.918X₁+7.325X₂+4.512X₃-9.541X₄+8.689X₅+228.063. This model provides a scientific basis for predicting cashmere yield in Xinjiang cashmere goats and offers guidance for feeding management and genetic improvement in practical production.
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  Effects of Selenium-enriched Yeast Supplementation on Lactation Performance, Milk Se Concentration, Milk Fatty Acid Composition, and Antioxidant Status in Lactating Dairy Goats

  SONG Yongxi, WU Jiao, LUO Jun, WANG Ping

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 30-35. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.005

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  The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of supplementing different levels of Selenium-enriched yeast (Se-yeast) to the diet on the lactation performance, selenium content in milk, fatty acid (FA) composition, and serum antioxidant indicators of lactating goats. Using a 4×4 Latin square design, four primiparous dairy goats (weight: 49.7±3.2 kg, dairy in milk: 70.3±1.1 d) were selected to supplement with Se-yeast to provide 0 (control group), 0.23 mg/kg (LSY group), 0.46 mg/kg (MSY group), and 0.69 mg/kg (HSY group) of selenium (dry matter basis). The experiment takes 4 periods with 21 d for each period. Record daily milk production and collect milk samples on 17-21 d of each period, and blood samples on 21 d. The results showed that supplementing Se-yeast did not affect the lactation performance of dairy goats, and the selenium content in milk increased with the level of Se-yeast. The selenium content in milk for the MSY and HSY groups was twice higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Except for C22:0 (P=0.031) and C22:1 (P=0.021) in goat milk, other milk FA were not affected by the level of Se-yeast (P>0.05). As the level of Se-yeast increasing, the activity of glutathione peroxidase  in the serum of dairy goats increases linearly (P=0.001), while the content of malondialdehyde decreases linearly (P=0.004). In summary, supplementing Se-yeast does not affect the lactation performance of dairy goats. The increase of the level of Se-yeast can lead to increase the selenium content in dairy goat milk, change milk FA composition, and improve the antioxidant capacity of dairy goats.
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  Effects of Different Feeding Modes on Reproductive Performance of SanHua Breeding Geese and Growth Performance, Slaughtering Performance, and Meat Quality of Its Offspring

  GUO Zhiyou, LI Chao, WANG Xin, KOU Huikuo, WAN Zhiqing, GUO Ruiping

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 36-43. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.006

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  This study aimed to investigate the effect of different feeding modes on reproductive performance of Sanhua breeding geese and the growth performance, slaughtering performance, and meat quality of its offspring. A total of 300 Sanhua breeding geese of later growing period (paired with 75 ganders) were randomly divided into three treatment groups: indoor cage-rearing mode, ground dry-rearing mode, and pool-rearing mode, the reproductive performance of breeding geese was respectively measured. Subsequently, 200 healthy goslings with the same body weight were selected from each treatment group and randomly divided into 10 replicates, each containing 20 goslings (half male and half female) to evaluate the growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality of the offspring goslings. Results indicated that the geese in pool-rearing mode had a slightly delayed onset of laying, a higher peak egg production rate and higher egg production per bird upon entering the shed. The ground dry-rearing mode had a  relatively minor negative impact on the reproductive performance of the breeding geese, while geese reared in cages exhibited slightly inferior reproductive performance and a slightly higher mortality rate. The different breeding modes did not affect the fertilization rate, hatching rate, and chick viability of the fertilized eggs. The different breeding modes also did not significantly influence the body weight of the offspring at 21, 49, and 70 days (P>0.05), as well as the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed weight ratio (P>0.05) in the early, middle and late stages of the offspring geese. Furthermore, the different feeding modes did not significantly affect the slaughter rate, full evisceration rate, half-evisceration rate, chest muscle rate, leg muscle rate and abdominal fat rate of the offspring geese (P>0.05). Different feeding modes of the breeding geese also did not significantly affect the pH_24h, meat color, dripping loss, cooking loss, and shear force of the offspring geese (P>0.05). In conclusion, the laying performance of different breeding modes was ranked as follows: pool-rearing mode > ground dry-rearing mode > cage-rearing mode. The breeding modes did not affect the hatching performance of fertilized eggs or the growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality of the offspring of Sanhua geese.
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  Effects of Four Energy Feeds on in vitro Gas Production and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Beef Cattle

  LIU Wenchang, XIA Min, XIAO Haixiang, LI Jing, ZHANG Xiandong, HE Banglin, LI Fuqiang, XIAO Zhengzhong, XIAO Dingfu

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 44-49. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.007

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  This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of corn, wheat, barley and rice on in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics of beef cattle. After a comprehensive analysis of the nutritional components of these grains and their impact on rumen cumulative gas production in vitro and fermentation parameters in vitro, the following results were obtained: the crude protein (CP) content and total energy of the four energy diets ranged from 8.37% to 13.57% and 17.38 MJ/kg to 18.72 MJ/kg, respectively. The CP content of wheat and barley reached 13%, the total energy of corn was the highest, and that of rice was the lowest. Cumulative gas production at 48 h of in vitro fermentation in wheat group and corn group was significantly higher than that in barley group and rice group (P<0.05). The concentrations of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) in corn and barley groups were significantly higher than those in wheat group (P<0.05). The pH values of the four energy feeds fermented for 48 h in vitro ranged from 6.79 to 6.84, with no significant difference (P>0.05). The dry matter (DM) degradation rate in maize, wheat and barley groups was significantly higher than that in rice group (P<0.05). The content of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) in wheat group was significantly higher than that in other three groups (P<0.05). The concentration of microbial protein (MCP) in barley group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the nutritional value and in vitro fermentation characteristics of corn, wheat, and barley exhibit similarities. Therefore, given appropriate raw material prices, a certain proportion of wheat and barley can be incorporated in place of corn in beef cattle diets during practical production.
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  Effect of IoT-mediated Automatic Feeding Mode on Milk Production Performance of Simmental Cattle

  QING Yuhong, LI Zhenghang, BAI Yunfei, WANG Mengyao, ZHU Jiali, HU Xiaoliang, CHEN Qiankun, XIE Biao, HU Guangdong

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.008

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  This experiment aims to investigate the impact of an Internet of Things (IoT) mediated automatic feeding model on the milk production performance of lactating cows. A total of 180 healthy lactating Simmental cows with similar body conditions and close parity (1-2 parities) were selected for the study. Based on different feeding models, the cows were randomly divided into an experimental group (automatic feeding) and a control group (manual feeding). According to their daily milk production, the cows were categorized into high-yield (21±2.9 kg/d), medium-yield (13±0.9 kg/d), and low-yield (8±0.9 kg/d) groups, with 30 cows in each category and each cow representing one replicate. The pre-feeding period lasted for 15 days, followed by a formal experimental period of 30 days. The results indicated that the IoT-mediated automatic feeding model significantly increased the daily milk production of high-yield lactating cows（P<0.05）, but had no significant effect on the daily milk production and milk quality of medium- and low-yield cows（P>0.05）. The automatic feeding model also resulted in a significant reduction in feed consumption and leftover feed（P<0.01）. The overall cost accounting for the experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group（P<0.01）, while milk production profitability significantly increased（P<0.01）. Additionally, the experimental group utilizing the automatic feeding model saved an average of 32.21 yuan per day in comprehensive costs, amounting to an annual savings of 11756.65 yuan. Daily milk production revenue increased by 117.88 yuan, leading to an annual revenue increase of 43026.2 yuan. The results suggest that the IoT-mediated automatic feeding model can enhance milk production in high-yield lactating cows, reduce production costs for farms, and increase economic benefits.
  
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  Growth Performance and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Tibetan Sheep Fattening in Different Places in Jianghuai Area

  ZHANG Chao, MENG Zhu, LIU Qingqing, REN Chunhuan,  HUANG Yafeng, ZHANG Zijun, CHENG Xiao

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 57-64. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.009

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  The paper was to explore the adaptability and short-term fattening effect of Tibetan sheep when raised in southern agricultural areas during winter. A total of five Tibetan rams, five Tibetan Capricorn sheep, and five Tibetan ewes were introduced from high-altitude pastoral areas to the Jianghuai region for off-site breeding during winter. Their body weight, physiological parameters, and serum biochemical indexes were measured at different time intervals after introduction. The results showed that the growth indicators showed a positive trend in daily weight gain during the fattening period. Specifically, from 0 to 80 days after introduction, the daily gain of Capricorn sheep was significantly higher than that of rams (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between rams and ewes (P>0.05). At days 1 and 5 post-introduction, Capricorn sheep exhibited the lowest heart rate (P<0.05), while no significant differences were observed among treatment groups at other time points (P>0.05). The respiratory rate showed no significant difference among treatment groups at all time points (P>0.05). The body temperature of rams at 10, 20, 55 and 80 d after introduction was significantly higher than that at 1 d (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between ewe and Capricorn at each time point (P>0.05), but the body temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate of Tibetan sheep introduced into Jianghuai area remained within normal ranges. There were no significant differences in blood physiological indexes and serum biochemical among all treatment groups (P>0.05). In summary, the effect of breeding Tibetan sheep in different places in Jianghuai area is remarkable, and the low altitude climate has no adverse effect on the health of Tibetan sheep.
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  TLR7/8 Activator R848 Inhibits Sperm Motility in Dairy Cows via the IKBA/ACC/CPT1/FAO Pathway

  ZHU Dawei, WEI Lixuan, NIU Juan, CAO Ping, JIA Zhihong, HU Jianhong

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 65-71. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.010

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  The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) activator R848 on sperm function in dairy cows and to preliminarily investigate its mechanism of action. After co-incubation of Holstein cow semen with R848, sperm motility performance and sperm quality parameters were analyzed and the expression levels of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO)-related proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that after co-incubation with R848, the proportion of spermatozoa that swam to the upper layer was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the kinetic parameters of the lower spermatozoa (VSL, VCL, VAP) were significantly lower than that of the control group and the upper spermatozoa (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between sperm viability and acrosomal and plasma membrane intact rates (P>0.05). Western blot results showed that the expression levels of IKBA and ACC proteins in the spermatozoa of dairy cows in the R848 co-incubation group were significantly higher, whereas the expression level of CPT1 protein was significantly lower compared with the control group (P<0.05). The results showed that the TLR7/8 activator R848 could inhibit cow's sperm viability without affecting sperm function by reducing cow sperm ATP production through the IKBA/ACC/CPT1/FAO pathway.
  
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  Effects of High Temperature Exposure on Bovine Ovarian Granulosa Cells

  MIN Jia, ZHU Xiaoting, WANG Xiangnan, CHU Qiuxia, ZHANG Zijing, LV Shijie, CHEN Fuying, SHI Qiaoting, WANG Eryao, LIU Shenhe

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 72-77. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.011

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  High-temperature exposure during the summer causes hormonal secretion disorders in bovine ovarian granular cells (GCs), thereby affecting bovine reproductive performance. This study focuses on GCs and preliminarily explores the impact of high-temperature exposure on GCs function using qRT-PCR and ELISA.  Results showed that compared to the control group, heat exposure significantly upregulated the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSP90, HSPA1A) and the pro-apoptotic protein BAX, in the meantime， downregulated the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, and induced nuclear abnormalities. Furthermore, the levels of estrogen and progesterone were elevated. In terms of mitochondrial function, the expression of the fission gene FIS1 was significantly downregulated, whereas the fusion gene MFN was upregulated, accompanied by a significant increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ levels and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In conclusion, heat exposure induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by damaging mitochondria, thereby elucidating the detailed pathway by which it leads to reproductive disorders in the specific model of bovine ovarian granulosa cells.
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  Numerical Simulation of the Environmental Conditions in a Pad-and-Fan Cooling System for Gestating Sow Houses in Southern China

  QI Haixia, FENG Yusen, ZHANG Jiaqi, ZHAN Canwei

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 78-85. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.012

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  To investigate the cooling effectiveness and thermal environment dynamics of a pad-and-fan system in swine houses in southern China, this study conducted a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the indoor environment using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A gestation barn on a farm in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, served as the research object, and the simulation results were validated against on-site measurements. The air domain within the 3D model of the barn was extracted as the fluid domain, and the standard k ε turbulence model was adopted for steady-state simulation. The agreement between the simulated and measured values was assessed to validate the model.The results show that the maximum absolute error between simulated and measured temperature was 1.02 ℃, with a relative error ranging from 0.14% to 4.53% and an average relative error of 1.42%. For air velocity, the maximum absolute error was 0.41 m/s, with an average relative error of 9.66%. The normalized mean square error (NMSE) between measured and simulated values fell within an acceptable range, confirming the model's accuracy. The simulation reveals a distinct gradient in temperature and airflow velocity across the lying plane of the sow. Areas near the air inlet exhibited higher temperatures and stagnant airflow, while airflow distribution was uneven in zones with high animal density due to wind blockage. Without altering the internal structure of the barn, the uniformity of temperature and airflow distribution was improved by adding ventilation columns and guide plates to the ceiling. The findings of this simulation provide a reference for optimizing the structural design and environmental control of gestation barns in southern China.
  
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  Isolation, Identification and Drug Resistance of Porcine Proteus mirabilis

  PAN Xiaonan, YANG Junjie, YIN Shengjie, ZHANG Ronglin, ZHOU Yuanyuan, PANG Bo, YIN Ronghuan

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 86-91. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.013

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  In order to identify pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance in samples from a pig farm in Anshan, Liaoning Province, morphological identification, biochemical identification, 16S rRNA sequence determination, drug sensitivity analysis and drug resistance gene detection of isolated strain LA2305 were carried out. The results showed that the isolated strain LA2305 could grow in common nutrient AGAR, McConkey, LB, HE, XLD and SS media, and was Gram-negative and bulbar. It can ferment glucose, xylose, mushroom sugar, not lactose, maltose, sucrose; 16S rRNA sequence determination and evolutionary analysis showed that the homology with Proteus mirabilis was more than 98%, and it was comprehensively determined to be Proteus mirabilis. The isolates were sensitive to 6 antibiotics such as gentamicin, amicacin and streptomycin, resistant to 19 antibiotics such as sulfamisoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin and amoxicillin, and carried aminoglycoside resistance gene (aadA), beta-lactam resistance gene (bla_DHA) and chloramphenicol resistance gene (stcM). The results of this study can provide an important basis for the prevention and control of porcine Proteus mirabilis and drug resistance in Liaoning area.
  
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  Isolation, Identification and Drug Resistance of Salmonella Isolated from Pork in Longyan

  YE Xinying, CHEN Haizhen, LI Xiaohui, LUO Cuiya, CHEN Zitao, CHEN Qiaoyun, FAN Kewei, YANG Shoushen

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 92-97. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.014

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  To investigate the prevalence of Salmonella contamination in pork from Longyan City, Fujian Province, and to characterize the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, resistance genes, serotypes, and sequence types (STs), a total of 159 pork samples were collected from eight farmers' markets in Longyan City for Salmonella isolation and identification. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, and subsequent bioinformatic analysis. The results showed that 45 Salmonella strains were isolated, with a contamination rate of 28.3%. Among these, 64.4% were multidrug-resistant, exhibiting high resistance rates to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (82.2%), doxycycline (77.8%), amoxicillin (66.7%), ampicillin (57.8%), and florfenicol (57.8%). A total of 36 resistance genes belonging to 9 classes were detected, along with 5 serotypes and 6 STs. Notably, 93.3% of the isolates carried resistance genes, and 28.9% harbored 10 or more such genes. The predominant serotypes were Salmonella Derby (42.2%) and Salmonella Typhimurium (40.0%), while the dominant STs were ST40 (42.2%) and ST34 (35.6%). These findings indicate severe Salmonella contamination and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in pork from Longyan City. This study provides important reference data for controlling the spread of pork-borne Salmonella and guiding clinical treatment strategies.
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  Study on the Adsorption and Passivation Mechanism of Cadmium by Cow Dung Biochar

  WANG Zhen, ZHANG Shufen, FU Long, DING Xinying, MA Shanshan,  BAI Changsheng, ZHAO Jinbo, LI Wei

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 98-105. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.015

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  Biochar adsorption treatment of cadmium in the environment is a cost-effective, easy-to-operate process with good treatment effect. Compared to other biochar raw materials, cow dung has the advantages of fine texture and relatively rich mineral nutrients, making it one of the hot research topics in biochar application. In this study, cattle manure was selected and prepared into biochar at 300, 500 and 700 ℃, and was characterized by elemental analysis, BET-N₂ and SEM. Batch processing experiments was conducted to study the effects of pH value, biochar dosage, initial concentration of cadmium, adsorption time and adsorption temperature on the cadmium adsorption performance of cattle dung biochar. Additionally, cow dung biochar was added to soil to investigate its ability to immobilize cadmium in the soil. The results showed that with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the surface of cow dung biochar became rough and porous, with specific surface area and total pore volume increasing by 14.25 and 16.75 times, respectively. The cow dung biochar prepared at 700 ℃ exhibited the best adsorption effect for cadmium. The adsorption process of cadmium by cow dung biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures followed a quasi-secondary-order kinetic model, with both surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion affecting the overall adsorption process, which could be divided into rapid adsorption stage, slow diffusion stage and adsorption equilibrium stage. The adsorption process of cadmium by cow dung biochar conformed to the Langmuir model, with the monolayer adsorption mode being dominant, and the adsorption processes being favorable.  The maximum adsorption capacity of cow dung biochar prepared at 700 ℃ for cadmium at room temperature could reach 90.48 mg/g. After adding cow dung biochar to the soil, the soil pH value increased with the pyrolysis temperature of the biochar. Additionally, the exchangeable cadmium in the soil was converted to the residue state, with the distribution rate of residual Cd increasing by 48.34% to 152.77%. The changes were positively correlated (P<0.01), and the bioavailability of cadmium was significantly reduced. The experimental results indicate that cattle manure biochar has good adsorption and passivation ability for heavy metal cadmium under suitable conditions, and it has certain value for widespread application. Additionally, it provides a theoretical basis and application reference for the use of cow dung biochar in the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals.
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  Effects of Thermal Pretreatment on Aerobic Composting and Maturity of Chicken Manure

  LIU Xin, LU Tong, YAN Xiaogang, LI Zhonghe, QI Hongwei, GAO Xing'ai, WU Bin, ZHAI Di, YAN Qiuliang

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 106-112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.016

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  To explore the effects of thermal pretreatment on the process and quality of chicken manure composting, an experiment was conducted using a self-made heating device. The pretreated chicken manure was mixed with rice husks for aerobic composting, desingated as the experimental group (TP group), while the raw materials underwent direct aerobic composting was designated as the control group (CK group). The changes of physical and chemical indicators and maturity indicators in the two groups during the composting process, as well as the differences in compost quality between the groups at the end of composting were compared. The results showed that the TP group reached a temperature of 50 ℃ five days earlier than the CK group, maintained high temperatures (above 55 ℃) for two additional days, and achieved a peak temperature of 65.1 ℃, which was 6.8 ℃ higher than that of the CK group. At the end of the composting process, the TP group exhibited significantly greater reduction in total organic carbon (TOC), increase in total nitrogen (TN), increase in humic acid (HA), and higher germination index (GI) values. These results suggest that thermal pretreatment enhances the decomposition efficiency of organic carbon during fermentation, prevents nitrogen loss, and significantly improves the maturity of the final compost product.
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  Research Progress on the Role of Estrogen in the Cyclical Cycle Development of Hair Follicles and Its Molecular Mechanism

  GE Chenjuan, ZHENG Yulu, SHI Yinghua, XU Zejun, GUO Ming, WANG Xianwei, MA Sen

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 113-119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.017

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  The mammalian hair follicle serves as the “cornerstone” for hair growth, with the dermal papilla located in the hair bulb acting as the follicle's “signaling center”. Studies have shown that various hormones, such as sex hormones, thyroid hormones, play crucial regulatory roles in the cyclical development of hair follicles and hair growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Dermal papilla cells are likely among the target cells of these hormones within the follicle; hormones may regulate the cyclical development and growth of hair follicles by modulating the function of dermal papilla cells. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the structural and functional characteristics of mammalian hair follicles and the dermal papilla. It also revisits the roles of hormones -particularly estrogen- in hair follicle cycling and hair growth, as well as the molecular biological mechanisms through which estrogen receptors within dermal papilla cells mediate these effects.
  
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  Digital Intelligence Finance and New Quality Productive Forces of Animal Husbandry: Theoretical Connotation and Empowerment Path

  TAN Xuexiang, LIU Xuewen

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(12): 120-128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.12.018

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  This paper elucidates the connotations and characteristics of digital-intelligent finance and the new quality productive forces in the livestock industry, examines the practical constraints facing the development of new quality productive forces in China's livestock sector, and systematically deconstructs the pathways through which digital-intelligent finance enables the development of new quality productive forces in the industry. Specifically, digital-intelligent finance alleviates financing constraints and optimizes the combination of production factors through digital-intelligent financial supply-demand models; aggregates labor talent through digital-intelligent resource innovation platforms, thereby digitalizing the labor force; innovates means of labor through digital-intelligent information interaction systems, thereby digitalizing the means of labor; and improves factor allocation through digital-intelligent organizational management systems, thereby digitalizing the objects of labor.