This study aims to investigate the current welfare status of growing and fattening pigs in large-scale pig farms in China and to explore potential improvement measures. A structured questionnaire was distributed via the QuestionStar platform, and data from 151 pig farms-each housing at least 50 growing and fattening pigs-were collected and statistically analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) Compared to farms that do not prioritize animal welfare, those emphasizing pig welfare are more likely to implement welfare improvement measures such as enhancing environmental comfort, treating animals kindly, providing environmental enrichment, and ensuring appropriate slaughter ramp design. These farms also experienced significant reductions (>20%) in environmental, hygiene, and psychological welfare issues, as well as abnormal behaviors including tail/barnacle biting, fighting, snout wandering, and cage damaging(P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) Over two-thirds of the surveyed farms are equipped with sufficient feeding and drinking space and provide water at slaughter; consequently, the incidence of physiological welfare issues in growing and fattening pigs is relatively low (7.3%). However, issues related to environmental, behavioral, and psychological welfare, as well as occurrences of walking difficulties, paralysis, or even death during slaughter, have relatively higher incidences (23.8%~31.1%), indicating room for further improvement. (3) Farms with a stock of more than 4,000 pigs reported a 16.9% lower incidence of behavioral welfare problems (P<0.05) and showed increased adoption of welfare-friendly practices such as kind treatment and feed withdrawal prior to slaughter by 14.4% and 20.3%, respectively (P<0.05). (4) Farms with a labor quota exceeding 800 pigs demonstrated an 17.8% higher adoption rate of feed withdrawal measures before slaughter (P<0.05). (5) Northern farms exhibited a 17.5% and 21.0% reduction in behavioral welfare issues and tail/barnacle biting behaviors, respectively, compared to southern farms (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In summary, emphasizing animal welfare, addressing behavioral issues, reducing tail/barnacle biting, strengthening health monitoring, implementing feed withdrawal before slaughter, and providing environmental enrichment have considerable potential to improve the welfare of growing and fattening pigs. These effects may also be influenced by farm-scale factors, such as stocking density.