24 April 2025, Volume 46 Issue 4

    

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  Advances in the Harmless Treatment of Pollutants in Piggery Wastewater

  YUAN Zhixiong

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.001

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  High concentrations of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and pathogenic microorganisms in piggery wastewater pose a serious threat to water bodies and ecological environment. This paper delves into the increasingly prominent piggery wastewater treatment technologies in recent years. It provides a comprehensive overview on the research status, pollutant removal rate, resource utilization and energy efficiency of innovative technologies, including physical and chemical methods, microalgae technology and constructed wetlands. Through the review of the advantages and disadvantages of various resource utilization technologies and existing optimization measures, the paper aims to provide valuable insights for the enhancement and refinement of pig wastewater treatment processes.
  
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  Research Progress on Antibiotic Resistance Genes Residues and Abatement Technologies in Livestock Manure and Sewage

  JIN Erguang, GONG Ping, ZHOU Yuan, CHEN Jie, WAN Pingmin

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 10-17. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.002

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  Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock manure and sewage can enter the environmental media such as air, water and soil through fugitive spread, percolation, rainwater runoff, returning, etc., and then enter human and animal body through the food chain, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. This paper outlines the sources and transmission pathways of ARGs in livestock manure and sewage, their residual status, reduction/removal mechanism and efficiencies. It briefly analyses the major problems and future development directions of ARGs in livestock manure and sewage in terms of sources, diffusion, transmission and control technologies, with the aim of providing references for improving the abatement/removal efficacy of ARGs in manure and the safe utilization of treatment products.
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  Sequencing and Analysis of Mitochondrial Genome of Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in Gymnocypris przewalskii

  PAN Lili, LI Changzhong, LI Zhaonan, CHEN Yanxia, WANG Guojie, JIN Wenjie

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 18-25. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.003

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  In order to comprehensively analyze the sequence characteristics of Mitochondrial genome of Lernaea cyprinacea in Gymnocypris przewalskii, this study isolated a 2.5 g sample of Lernaea cyprinacea from diseased fish of Gymnocypris przewalskii artificially cultured in Qinghai Lake. Subsequently, the genomic DNA was extracted, its quality was assessed, and the mtDNA of Lernaea cyprinacea was sequenced, assembled, and annotated using Illumina sequencing technology. Bioinformatic analysis was then carried out. The Maximum likelihood (ML) was employed to construct a phylogenetic tree using the Mitochondrial genome sequences of 25 Copepods and the gene sequences of the Lernaea cyprinacea obtained in this study. The size of the complete mitochondrial genome was found to be 14 591 bp (GenBank accession: ON943063.1) with a base composition of 34.86% A, 35.86% T, 12.33% G, 16.72% C, indicating a clear bias towards AT content (70.73%). The genome included 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 rRNA genes, as well as two non-coding regions (NCRs). The start codons of the 13 protein-coding genes were all ATN, while the stop codons of the nad5, nad4l, and cox3 genes were incomplete stop codon T, and the stop codons of the other genes were either TAA or TAG. The total length of the 2 rRNA genes was 1451 bp, with 12 capable of forming a typical trilobal structure, while the remaining 10 genes lacked DHU arm, TΨC arm and TΨC loop, and thus could not form a typical trilobal structure. The two non-coding regions were located between trnI-atc and trnH-cac and between rrnS and trnS1-aga in the circular DNA molecule. The phylogenetic tree results showed that the sequenced Lernaea species was evolutionarily clustered with L. cyprinacea (KM235194.1 and NC_025239.1) and Paracyclopina nana (EU877959.1) as a single clade. In summary, the results of this study can provide theoretical data for early molecular diagnosis and rapid detection of Lernaea cyprinacea.
  
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  Mining and Analysis of SNP and Indel Mutation Sites in Bashang Long-Tailed Chicken

  ZHANG Xifei, GE Hualiang, REN Minpeng, ZHAO Ran, QIAN Zhimin, WANG Caitong, ZHANG Chuansheng, GENG Liying, LI Xianglong

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 26-33. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.004

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  This study used the whole genome re-sequencing data of Bashang long-tailed chicken to identify and analyze the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion deletion (indel) loci, in order to enrich the SNP and InDel information of Bashang long-tailed chicken. The SNP and InDel loci of Bashang long-tailed chicken were identified by GATK software. ANNOVAR software was used to predict the genomic region of the mutation site and the impact of the mutation. Through various bioinformatics software, the genes of SNP and indel loci were aligned with the GO and KEGG databases to obtain corresponding function and pathway annotations. A total of 36 055 nonsynonymous mutations were detected in this study, with genes annotating to 126 GO entries related to metabolic process, cell composition and catalytic activity, as well as 54 KEGG pathways including cell structure, DNA repair and replication, and signal transduction pathways. Within the CDS regions, 6 769 InDel loci were identified, with genes annotating to 102 GO entries and 30 KEGG pathways including adipocytokine signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, p53 signaling pathway. The results revealed the presence of a considerable number of SNP and InDel loci in Bashang long-tailed chicken, with the predominant mutation type in SNP being conversion. Significant differences were observed in the distribution patterns of genomic functional elements and mutation types between SNP and InDel loci, and the genes associated with SNP and InDel locus may have a potential correlation with the reproduction and feather color formation of Bashang long-tailed chicken.
  
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  Mechanism of Lactobacillus johnsonii Inhibiting Fat Deposition

  JING Ruoxi, LI Wenfeng, LI Hanxing, LI Long

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 34-40. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.005

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  This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism regulation by Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii). Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and STC-1 enteroendocrine cells were treated with fermentation supernatants at concentrations of 10⁶, 10⁷, and 10⁸ CFU/mL for 16 hours to systematically evaluate their regulatory effects on lipid metabolism. Results demonstrated that L. johnsonii supernatants concentration-dependently inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells (10⁷ CFU/mL,P<0.05; 10⁸ CFU/mL, P<0.01), accompanied by significant downregulation of key adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBF1 at protein level (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). In STC-1 cells, supernatants at 10⁷ and 10⁸ CFU/mL promoted secretion of anorexigenic hormones Peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P<0.05), while upregulating PCSK1 gene transcription (P<0.05) involved in proglucagon processing. Conversely, significant suppression of PCSK2 and Proglucagon transcript levels was observed (P<0.05). These findings reveal that L. johnsonii suppresses fat deposition through dual mechanisms: directly reducing lipid accumulation via regulation of adipogenic gene expression, and indirectly attenuating feeding demand through activation of intestinal hormone signaling. This investigation provides novel molecular basis for probiotic-mediated lipid metabolism regulation.
  
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  Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Milk Production Traits in Holstein Cattle in Hebei and Ningxia Regions Using Random Regression Test-Day Model

  WANG Ao, ZHANG Zhuangbiao, HU Honghong, LIU Guanglei, ZHU Kai, LV Xinzhe, HAO Feng, HAN Liyun, MA Yun, JIANG Yu

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 41-43. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.006

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  Milk production traits are crucial economic traits in Holstein cattle, and estimating genetic parameters for milk production traits lays a solid foundation for subsequent breeding research. This study integrated 567 969 DHI test-day records and pedigree data from 60 560 Holstein cows across 13 farms in Hebei and Ningxia provinces between 2009 and 2023. Genetic parameter estimation for milk production traits was conducted using a random regression test-day model. The results indicated heritability estimation for each trait in the first and second parity were as follows: Daily Milk Yield - 0.24 and 0.15; Milk Protein Yield - 0.19 and 0.13; Milk Fat Yield - 0.11 and 0.07; Somatic Cell Score - 0.02 for both parities. Moreover, there were positive phenotypic and genetic correlations among Daily Milk Yield, Milk Protein Yield, and Milk Fat Yield, while mostly negative phenotypic and genetic correlations were observed between Somatic Cell Score and the aforementioned three traits. These findings provide important insights for population breeding of Holstein cattle.
  
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  Molecular Identification of Hornless Traits in New Hybrid Class of Xinjiang Charolais Cattle

  YANG Yang, ZHANG Jiahui, SU Zheng, PENG Jian, ZHU Tingting, DAI Rong

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 47-50. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.007

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  This study developed a molecular approach for the identification of hornless traits in new hybrid class group of Xinjiang Charolais cattle, providing a technical basis for hornless strain breeding. The distribution of P_202ID mutation sites was identified in 485 new hybrid class group of Xinjiang Charolais cattle by PCR amplification and sequencing. The results indicated that the genotypes at the P_202ID mutation site were consistent with the observed horn phenotypes. All hornless individuals were Pc/prs heterozygous, while all horned individuals were prs/prs homozygous, with genotype frequencies of 12.37% and 87.63%, respectively. No Pc/Pc homozygous individuals were identified in the population. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the P_202ID mutation and the horn phenotype of new hybrid class group of Xinjiang Charolais cattle (P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed in body size (P>0.05). This study demonstrates that P_202ID mutation can effectively identify hornless and horned traits, making it a useful tool for hornless phenotypic breeding in new hybrid class group of Xinjiang Charolais cattle.
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  The Efficiency of YCFA Medium to Bacteria Enrichment Culturing in Goat's Rumen Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing

  GUO Mengmeng, JING Ruoxi

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 51-57. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.008

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  This study aimed to screen the cultivable microbial strains from the goat rumen through in vitro enrichment using YCFA medium, providing a potential medium for the in vitro cultivation of rumen microorganisms. Microorganisms from the goat rumen were enriched under anaerobic and aerobic conditions at 37 ℃ using YCFA medium. DNA was extracted from the enriched colonies and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the types of bacteria that could be enriched and cultivated. The results showed that YCFA medium under anaerobic conditions could potentially enrich rumen microorganisms such as Veillonella, Streptococcus, Anaerovibrio, Selenomonas_1, Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_YAB2003_group, Schwartzia, and Phocaeicola. Under aerobic conditions, the medium could potentially enrich microorganisms such as Mannheimia, Bacteroides, Bacillus, and Actinobacillus. This experiment predicts that certain effective microbial strains from the goat rumen can be cultivated in YCFA medium. These findings serve as a reference for the cultivation of bacterial strains from goat rumen.
  
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  Effects of Fishmeal Addition Levels in Practical Feeds on Growth, Nutrient Composition, Health Status and Economic Efficiency of Onychostoma macrolepis

  LIU Ruofan, YUAN Xiangtong, LI Yunhe, LI Handong, HU Zechao, JI Hong

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 58-67. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.009

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  In order to investigate the effects of different fishmeal additions to feeds on the growth performance, conventional nutrients, and health status of Onychostoma macrolepis juveniles, three types of practical feeds were formulated to have equal nitrogen and fat content but different fishmeal levels (20% (FM20), 16% (FM16), 12% (FM12)). The commercial yellow catfish feed (CN), commonly used in Onychostoma macrolepis production, served as the control. A total of 192 juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (6.00±0.05 g) were randomly allocated into four groups and subjected to a 70-day culture trial. The results showed that (1) there was no significant difference in specific growth rate and final body weight between the FM20 group and the CN group, and the degree of fattening was significantly higher than that of the CN group (P<0.05); the feed coefficients of the FM20 and CN groups were significantly lower than that of the FM12 group; (2) the composition of fatty acids of the whole fish showed that ΣSFA of the CN group was significantly higher than that of the remaining three groups; ΣMUFA of the CN and FM20 groups was significantly higher than that of the FM16 and FM12 groups; muscle crude protein level of FM20 and CN groups was significantly higher than that of FM12 group (P<0.05); (3) hepatopancreatic T-SOD activity of FM20 group was significantly higher than that of CN group (P<0.05); CAT activity of FM20 group was significantly higher than that of FM12 group, and the hepatopancreatic MDA content of FM12 group was significantly higher than that of FM20 group (P<0.05); and (4) the height of intestinal villi in FM20 group was significantly higher than that in FM16 and FM12 groups. In summary, under the conditions of this study, the group adding 20% fishmeal was not significantly different from the yellow catfish feed group in terms of production performance, conventional nutrients, and health condition. And the total fish weight gain and comprehensive benefit increased by 6.23 % and 8.02 %, respectively, compared with the commercial feed group, which could partially replace the commercial yellow catfish feed. This study provides a reference to the status of lacking specialized feed for the Onychostoma macrolepis industry.
  
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  Differences in Body Size Traits, Milk Composition and Serum Hormone in Saanen Dairy Goats with Different Body Condition Scores

  FANG Hua, MA Yannan, HUANG Yongliang, LIU Zijia, CAO Yongzhi, ZHANG Xu, ZHANG Xiao, GUO Beibei, ZHANG Wangdong, LIU Wangjing, CHEN Shiwei LEI Zhaomin

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 68-75. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.010

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  The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in body size traits, milk composition and serum hormone among different Body Condition Score (BCS) of Saanen dairy goats, and provide new methods for efficient dairy goat production. In this experiment,  200 Saanen dairy goats in mid-lactation were evaluated for body condition and body measurements under the same feeding management conditions after simultaneous estrus and insemination. Based on the results of BCS, the experimental groups were divided into the low body condition group (LBCS, BCS<2.5), the normal body condition group (NBCS, 2.5≤BCS≤3.5) and the high body condition group (HBCS, BCS>3.5). 7 individuals were randomly selected from each group, and milk and blood samples were collected to measure the milk composition and hematological parameters using one-way ANOVA analysis. The results indicate that: (1) the majority of the tested population had BCS scores  concentrated in the range of 2.5 to 3.5, and the high body condition group had higher body measurements compared to the low body condition group. (2) The LBCS and NBCS groups showed significantly lower milk fat (Fat) and milk protein (Prot) contents compared to HBCS group (P<0.05), with significant differences in urea nitrogen (Urea) content within the groups (P<0.05) and no significant difference in lactose (Lact) content (P>0.05). (3) There were significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) counts within the groups (P<0.05), with the HBCS group showing significantly higher eosinophils and monocytes compared to the other two groups (P<0.05), while other parameters showed no significant difference (P>0.05). (4) Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and leptin (LEP) increased with increasing BCS, while growth hormone (GH) and adiponectin (ADP) showed an inverse relationship. These results suggest a significant relationship between BCS of dairy goats and body size traits, milk composition and hematological parameters. It is beneficial to improve economic benefits and reduce production costs by regulating the BCS of lactating goats within the range of 2.5~3.5.
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  Physical and Chemical Properties of Fermentation Bed in Fattening Lambs

  ZHAO Xinnian, ZHANG Huiwen, LIU Guangxin, DONG Qing, SU Dongyao, WANG Yuan, SUN Xinsheng, GAO Yuhong

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 76-82. https://doi.org/3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.011

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  Fermentation bed represents a farming model aimed at improving the rearing environment and livestock health. The study aims to investigate the variations in the physical and chemical properties of fermented beds with different raw material combinations in the fattening lamb breeding in winter, providing insights for the reasonable application of fermentation bed. A closed fattening sheep house with windows was selected, with an untreated bare soil floor serving as the control group. The floors of four treatment groups were converted into fermentation beds, categorized based on their raw material combinations: full sawdust group (group A), 2/3 sawdust group + 1/3 furfural (group B), 2/3 sawdust group + 1/3 rice husk (group C), and 2/3 sawdust group + 1/3 corn cob (group D). Each group housed 50 fattening male lambs (1.0 m²/lamb) for a trial period of 90 days from October to December. Every 10 days, the physical characteristics (temperature (Ta), water content, and pH) and chemical characteristics (organic composition and conventional metal elements) of the bedding materials were measured and analyzed. The results showed that (1) significant differences in temperature were observed between different depths of the fermentation beds (P<0.01), with lower layer temperatures exceeding those of the upper and middle layers (P<0.01). Compared to the surface temperature of the control group, the surface temperatures of the four fermentation bed groups increased by 11.49% (Group A), 15.36% (Group B), 8.64% (Group C), and 12.44% (Group D), respectively. Significant differences in moisture content and pH were also noted among the different fermentation bed groups (P<0.01), with Group B exhibiting the highest moisture content. (2) Analysis of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content in the fermentation beds revealed significant differences among the groups (P<0.05), with Group D having the highest N content. Additionally, over time, N and C content in all groups showed significant increases (P<0.01) and decreases (P<0.05), respectively. (3) Analysis of conventional metal elements (K, Ca, P, and Na) in the fermentation beds showed significant differences among groups (P<0.05), with Group D showing the highest levels for Na and K in particular. Over time, all four elements significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, fermentation beds raised the surface temperature in winter fattening lamb barns. Over time, the nitrogen content in the fermentation beds increased, and most metal elements exhibited an accumulation effect.
  
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  Analysis and Evaluation of Seed Yielding of Alfalfa Varieties in Isolation and their F1 Generation Plants

  DU Hongqi, FENG Changsong, YAN Xiangzhou, LIU Dangbiao, HAN Kangkang, LOU Zhiguo, LIU Lei, LIANG Zhiyan

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 83-90. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.012

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  To understand the self-compatibility of alfalfa varieties and agronomic traits affecting alfalfa yield, and to obtain excellent plants with different agronomic traits, 87 alfalfa varieties were artificially isolated and allowed to yield seed naturally, the seeds were harvested and the seed number was counted. F1 generation plants were obtained by planting F1 seeds and their agronomic traits related to grass yield were measured and evaluated. The results showed that 10 varieties including 6010, Andona and Magna 401 had relatively good self-compatibility, while 18 varieties including Blue moon, Touristy, Huangguan, Ditte and SW8421S showed severe self-incompatibility. The overall forage yield of F1 generation plants of all alfalfa varieties was significantly positively correlated with traits such as stem weight, leaf weight, dry-fresh ratio, leaf-stem ratio, plant height and branching number (P<0.05). However, for the majority of varieties, the forage yield of F1 generation plant populations was highly positively correlated with stem weight and leaf weight（P<0.01）, but not significantly positively correlated with leaf to stem ratio（P＞0.05）. The correlation between grass yield of F1 generation of different alfalfa varieties and plant height and branching number was inconsistent. Excellent varieties and plants with agronomic traits such as grass yield, dry-fresh ratio, stem weight, leaf weight, leaf to stem ratio, plant height, branching number were selected, as well as varieties with large coefficients of variation.
  
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  Serological Investigation and Analysis of Pathogens in Beef Cows Experiencing Abortion in Some Regions of Ningxia

  YU Youli, GUO Yanan, WANG Jingsong, LI Ke, WANG Jiandong, LIANG Xiaojun

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 91-94. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.013

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  To investigate the prevalence of four abortion related pathogens in cows experiencing abortion in Ningxia region, a total of 185 serum samples were collected from cows with a history of miscarriage in different regions of Ningxia, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect and analyze the antibodies related to miscarriage. The results showed that 162 positive serum samples were detected in 185 serum samples, with a positive rate of 87.6%. Among the single pathogen tested, BVDV showed the highest antibody positivity rate (69.2%, 128/185), which was significantly different (P<0.05) from Chlamydia abortus antibody positivity rate (56.8%, 105/185) and extremely different (P<0.01) from IBRV (12.4%, 23/185) and brucella antibody positivity rate (1.6%, 3/185). The highest antibody positive rate was detected in mixed infection with BVDV and Chlamydia abortus (40.1%, 65/162), mixed infection with BVDV and IBRV (4.3%, 7/162), mixed infection with BVDV and Brucella (0.6%, 1/162) and mixed infection with IBRV and Chlamydia abortus(3.7%, 6/162), respectively, which were extremely different (P<0.01). The highest prevalence of antibody positivity (4.9%, 8/162) was found in mixed infection with BVDV, Chlamydia abortus and IBRV, which was significantly different(P<0.05) from the rate of mixed infection with BVDV, Chlamydia abortus and Brucella among the three pathogens tested (1.2%, 2/162). The research results indicate that the cows of beef cattle in Ningxia have different cases of abortion related pathogen infections, being mainly mixed infections. During the breeding process, it is necessary to strengthen the detection of the above pathogens and take corresponding prevention and control measures.
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  Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation and Spatiotemporal Change of Animal Husbandry in Xinjiang during 2000-2020

  LIU Dan, GAO Kexin, ZHENG Yi, QU Wenlong, MENG Xuanyi, LIU Kun, GAO Bo, JIA Hongtao, Maimaiti Simayi

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 95-103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.014

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  Based on the IPCC and the “Provincial Greenhouse Gas Compilation Guidelines”, a special-scale livestock greenhouse gas (GHG, including CH₄ and N₂O) emission inventory for Xinjiang at the county level from 2000 to 2020 was established using a "bottom-up" activity data collection method and emission factor approach. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of livestock GHG emissions in various prefectures and counties in Xinjiang. The results showed that the total GHG emissions from animal husbandry in Xinjiang during 2000~2020 exhibited a fluctuating trend of “increase-decrease-increase-decrease-increase”, with emissions in 2020 increased by 274.7×10⁴ t CO₂-eq compared with 2000. The highest and lowest emissions occurred in 2014 (2116.26×10⁴ t CO₂-eq) and 2017 (1697.32×10⁴ t CO₂-eq), respectively. Spatially, there was an increasing trend from the southeast to the central-northern region, with larger variation in emissions observed in the western counties. While emissions from livestock in eastern counties showed small variations, spatial aggregation gradually intensified over time. In 2020, the total livestock GHG emissions in Xinjiang were 1981.73×10⁴ t CO₂-eq, with CH⁴ from enteric fermentation being the primary emission source, accounting for 86.5% of the total GHG of animal husbandry in Xinjiang. Cattle (1062.23×10⁴ t CO₂-eq) and sheep (841.44×10⁴ t CO₂-eq) were the main contributors. Methane and N₂O emissions from manure management constituted only 13.5% of the total emissions. Overall, in 2020, the GHG emissions from animal husbandry in Xinjiang displayed a spatial distribution trend of “higher in northern Xinjiang and lower in southern Xinjiang, higher in the west and lower in the east”. The highest emissions were observed in Yili, accounting for 18.6% of the total emissions, followed by Aksu, Kashgar, and Altay, contributing 14.9%, 13.4% and 10.3% of total emissions, respectively, while lower emissions were observed in regions such as Bazhou, Turpan, and Hami in the east. The results showed that the key areas for reducing GHG emissions from animal husbandry in Xinjiang are Yili, Aksu, Kashgar and Altai, and the reduction of CH₄ from ruminants was the main direction of GHG control in animal husbandry in Xinjiang.
  
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  Effect of Mushroom Residue and Furfural Residue Addition on the Fermentation Process and Nitrogen Loss of Chicken Manure

  ZHOU Yijie, WANG Liwen, ZHANG Guoyan, LI Shuli, YUAN Jiantong, WANG Hongliang

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 104-110. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.015

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  To investigate the effects of conventional auxiliary materials (such as mushroom residue and furfural residue) on the fermentation process, maturity, and nitrogen fixation of chicken manure, a single factor experimental design was adopted in the experiment. Pure chicken manure, furfural residue, and mushroom residue were used as composting materials for 30 days. A total of 4 treatments were set up, namely CK (pure chicken manure), T1 (CK+10% furfural residue), T2 (CK+10% furfural residue+10% mushroom residue), and T3 (CK+10% furfural residue+20% mushroom residue). The results showed that adding mushroom residue and furfural residue to the diet prolonged the duration of the high-temperature period of the pile by 11.1%~33.3%, and increased the seed germination rate by 6.1%~12.5%, thereby accelerating the maturation process of the compost. The combination of furfural residue and 10% mushroom residue can significantly reduce the organic matter loss of the compost by 11.1%（P<0.05）, total nitrogen loss of the pile by 10.7%（P<0.05）. Taking into account the fermentation process parameters, nitrogen fixation, and ripening effects of pure chicken manure compost, it is more suitable to mix furfural residue with 10% mushroom residue for application.
  
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  Analysis of the Application Potential of Phage Therapy in Clinical Veterinarians

  WANG Shuang, LI Jie, LEI Yuanyuan, LI Haibin, LIU Shan, DANG Yan

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 111-117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.016

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  Bacterial infectious diseases pose serious threats to human health and the development of the livestock industry. Currently, antibiotics are the primary drugs used to treat bacterial infections; however, the abuse of antibiotics has led to a rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making it difficult to control infections effectively. Bacteriophage therapy, which utilizes naturally occurring bacteriophage viruses as antibacterial agents, offers a safe and effective treatment option for bacterial infections that cannot be eradicated by conventional antibiotic treatment alone. This paper introduces the biological characteristics of bacteriophages and discusses the advantages of using bacteriophages as antibacterial agents. It provides an overview of applications in the prevention and control of animal diseases and treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections, including the use of single phages, phage cocktails, combination therapy of phages and antibiotics, phage lysins, and genetically engineered phages. Additionally, it highlights key factors to consider in phage therapy, offering insights for research and application of phage preparations in the prevention and control of animal diseases.
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  Research Progress on Bovine Astrovirus Disease

  MIAO Yan, ZHU Qinghe, ZHONG Peng, LAN Shijie, ZHANG Lei, JIANG Botao, JIN Zhenhua, ZHANG Hong, WANG Likun, LIU Qiujin, SHI Tongrui

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 118-122. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.017

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  Bovine astrovirus disease is caused by Bovine astrovirus (BoAstV) and is characterized by diarrhea, respiratory symptoms, and neurological symptoms in mammals. BoAstV is an RNA virus of the genus mammalian Astrovirus in the family Astroviridae and has a broad tissue affinity. The pathogenic nature of BoAstV is not well understood, as it is prevalent in both healthy and diseased cattle and often coinfects with other enteric viruses. It has been reported that BoAstV may have the potential for interspecies transmission. This article provides a comprehensive overview of bovine astrovirus disease, including its etiology, epidemiology, diagnostic methods and interspecies transmission, in order to provide a reference for future research and control of the disease.
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  Review on Application of Artificial Intelligence in Mutton Sheep Breeding

  LU Sichao, AN Xiang, YU Yansuo, ZHAO Yixin, LIU Qiang

  Journal Of Domestic Animal Ecology. 2025, 46(4): 123-128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1182.2025.04.018

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  In the context of digital transformation of agriculture, using artificial intelligence to improve the efficiency of mutton sheep breeding has become feasible. With the combination of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, the physical data such as sheep's heart rate and respiratory rate can be transmitted to edge devices or cloud platforms. Through multi-dimensional and intelligent data analysis, the remote monitoring and health warning of sheep's physiological conditions is carried out. The combination of computer vision and artificial intelligence technology can facilitate the behavior and disease detection, and face recognition. Individual recognition is conducted through face recognition and thereby the body size and weight of mutton sheep is predicted intelligently. The paper systematically summarizes the researches of artificial intelligence in mutton sheep breeding in recent years, hoping to provide a reference to those engaging in mutton sheep breeding.