To investigate the cause of caseous exudate in oviducts of growing layers in parts of Shandong,Anhui,Hebei,Ningxia and other regions, bacteria were isolated and cultured from the clinical pathological samples. Morphological,molecular biology,serological,animal regression and drug sensitivity tests for these isolated bacteria were carried out. The results showed that the 13 isolated bacteria were Riemerella anatipestifer, mainly serotype 7, and the OmpA genes had evolved into two branches. The animal regression test could replicate the same clinical symptoms, and the drug sensitivity test showed that the isolated bacteria were more sensitive to florfenicol, doxycycline, spectinomycin and cephalosporins. This study provides a theoretical basis for the isolation and identification of Riemerella anatipestifer from different susceptible hosts and the genetic evolution analysis of strains, and also provides reference for the prevention and control of Riemerella anatipestifer infection in poultry.

As a major intestinal nutrient, butyric acid and its derivatives play an important role in maintaining animal intestinal morphology, regulating the environment of animal intestinal flora, and regulating immunity. Previous studies have shown that butyric acid and its derivatives maintain the intestinal microenvironment of animals mainly by  promoting intestinal cell proliferation and affecting intestinal development, maintain the intestinal barrier by improving the expression of relevant proteins in small intestinal epithelial cells, and maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment by regulating the intestinal environment and stimulating the expression of relevant immune proteins. In terms of regulating energy metabolism, butyric acid and its derivatives directively break down to become energy supply, or serve as an energy intake regulator to affect energy metabolism by regulating related genes,mitochondrial synthetic repair and neural circuits. In addition, butyric acid and its derivatives act as signaling molecules in the immune pathway, regulate the gene and protein expression of immune factors, inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, and improve intestinal immunity. This article mainly discusses the research progress of the mechanism of butyric acid in maintaining animal intestinal health, in order to provide theoretical reference for the development of butyrate products.

The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in blood physiological and biochemical parameters of Xinong Saanen dairy goats at different lactation stages and the correlations among these parameters to reflect the physiological and metabolic status and overall health conditions of dairy goats at different lactation stages. Blood samples from 150 Xinong Saanen dairy goats at different lactation stages were collected to determine their blood physiological and biochemical indicators for correlation analysis, in order to explore the influence of non-genetic factors on blood biochemical indicators in Xinong Saanen dairy goats. The findings indicated that: (1) lactation stage significantly influenced various blood parameters such as total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), albumin/globulin ratio (A/G), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in Xinong Saanen dairy goats. (2) Significant correlations were observed among TP and GLB, ALB and A/G, ALB and BUN, A/G and GLB, A/G and GLU at different lactation periods (P<0.05). Blood biochemical indicators are significantly affected by lactation periods, and the significant correlations have been observed among the blood biochemical indicators in dairy goats. These findings comprehensively reflect the health and physiological status of dairy goats, providing theoretical references for improving goat milk quality, adjusting nutritional supply, and managing goat farms.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in different physiological processes such as metabolism, immune responses, and behavioral responses which exerts important effects on health and growth. Herein, the interactions of microbiota-gut-brain axis of Hu sheep was investigated by multiomics in present study. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Enterococcus, Oscillospiraceae_UCG-002, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 were the dominant microbial taxa in the gut microbiota of Hu sheep. In combination with the colon and brain transcriptome analysis, it is found that estrogen signaling pathway may be the key functional pathway that contributes to the establishment of the microbiota-gut-brain axis of Hu sheep. Additionally, it was also found that Eubacterium and Ruminococcus may be the key bacteria which could modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis of Hu sheep. These findings could provide basic knowledge for improving the temperament, behavior, and production performances of Hu sheep through modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis by nutritional intervention.

Senecavirus A, an emerging pathogen responsible for swine vesicular disease, exhibits notable evolutionary and transmissible characteristics. when infected in pigs, it manifests clinical symptoms resembling those of foot-and-mouth disease, resulting in significant economic losses to the swine industry. In recent years, outbreaks of SVA infections have shown an upward trend in Brazil, the United States, and China. Currently, China still lacks standardized diagnostic methods and commercially available vaccines for SVA, underscoring the urgent need for further research so as to prevent its spread and transimission in china. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress in SVA epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, and vaccine development, aiming to offer robust scientific support and practical insights for controlling SVA transmission and formulating effective prevention strategies.

Tibetan sheep are mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas, with a distinctive external appearance. About 90% of the total population are mixed-colored, while pure white and pure black individuals are rare.  In order to study the relationship between SNPs of ASIP gene and the heredity of Tibetan wool color, this study used pooled sequencing and PCR-SSCP methods to detect the polymorphisms of seven exons of the ASIP gene in four ecological types of Tibetan sheep populations, including the plateau type, the Oula type, the Zhashijia type, and the black Tibetan sheep. Results showed that five mutation sites were found, including g.49396C>G in exon 3 and g.76594G>C, g.76715T>A, g.76732C>G, and g.76811C>A in exon 7. The mutation site g.76715T>A caused the conversion of cysteine to serine at position 126 (C126S). The mutation site g.49396C>G had three genotypes (CC, CG, and GG) in all four ecological types of Tibetan sheep, with the minimum mutation probabilities of 0.416, 0.234, 0.261, and 0.307, and the polymorphic information contents of 0.485, 0.358, 0.386, and 0.424, respectively, indicating moderate polymorphism. Except for the Oula type, the plateau type, black Tibetan sheep, and Zhashijia type were all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results showed that the g.49396C>G and g.76715T>A missense mutations in ASIP gene are important sites regulating the inheritance of Tibetan wool color, which can serve as potential genetic markers for the breeding of Tibetan wool color.

This study aims to investigate the effects of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and triglyceride (TAG) synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (DMECs) of dairy goats through overexpression and interference techniques. The complete coding sequence (CDS) of the FTO gene in the mammary tissue of diary goats (Capra hircus) was cloned, and an FTO overexpression vector was constructed. Additionally, small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting FTO were designed and synthesized. RT-qPCR was used to detect changes in the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and triglyceride content in DMECs after overexpressing or interfering with the FTO gene. The results indicated that the full length of the FTO gene CDS region in dairy goat was 1 518 bp, with sequence homology of 99%, 97% and 96% to sheep (Ovis aries) (NM_001104931.1), cattle (Bos taurus) (NM_001098142.1) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) (XM_006043050.4), respectively. Overexpression of FTO in DMECs significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2(DGAT2) (P<0.05), while significantly downregulating the expression levels of triglyceride hydrolysis-related genes such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) (P<0.05). Furthermore, the TAG content in the cells significantly increased. Conversely, interference with FTO in DMECs yielded opposite results. In conclusion, FTO gene plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism in DMECs of dairy goats, providing a theoretical basis for improving the regulatory network of lipid metabolism in mammary gland of dairy goat. 

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for both humans and animals. Selenium agronomic strengthening of forage is an effective method to solve the low selenium content of forage resources in selenium-deficient areas. In this paper, the research status of forage selenium agronomic enhancement at home and abroad is summarized, and the agronomic enhancement methods of forage selenium (soil base application, foliar spraying, selenium soaking), the physiological effect of selenium on forage, the toxicity of excessive selenium to forage, the absorption and accumulation of exogenous selenium in forage and the application of selenium-rich forage in livestock and poultry production are summarized. The aim is to provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of selenium-rich forage and selenium-rich livestock and poultry products.

In this study, the carbon and nitrogen footprints of pig farming, manure treatment and rice cultivation processes in a large-scale pig farm system were analysed for the characteristics using the life cycle assessment method (baseline scenario S0), and emission reduction measures such as low protein diets (S1), manure and urine acidification (S2), biogas utilization (S3), side-deep fertilization of rice (S4), organic-inorganic application in combination (S5) and integrated technologies (S6) were compared to study their effects on environmental emissions of farm systems. The results showed that the carbon footprint of the industrial pig farm system was 332.9 kg CO₂-eq·FU^-1 and the nitrogen footprint was 4.55 kg Nr·FU^-1. Among them, the manure storage segment had the highest contribution of carbon and nitrogen footprints, accounting for 29% and 50%, respectively. The application of individual technologies (S1 to S5) in each link was able to reduce carbon emissions by 6.44% to 11.25% and nitrogen emissions by 6.51% to 30.37%; the low protein diet technology (S1) and manure and urine acidification technology (S2) were the most effective in reducing the carbon and nitrogen footprints of the farm system, at 11.25% and 30.37%, respectively; the integrated technology (S6) was able to reduce the carbon and nitrogen footprint by 35.39% and 51.66%, respectively. In conclusion, pig farms should focus on feed nutrition and manure and urine management processes so as to reduce carbon and nitrogen emissions of the farm system and achieve green development.

The cecum is the main organ where the body breaks down dietary fiber and encourages nutrient fermentation, which has a sizable microbiological population. Several species' cecal microorganisms have been examined and studied, but no such research on the African ostrich has been documented. Hence, in this investigation, the diversity of microorganisms in the caecum of African ostriches at 7, 30, 60, and 180 days of age was examined using metagenomics sequencing technology. The results showed that the flora in the caecum of African ostriches was distributed in 9 phyla, 16 classes, 29 orders, 58 families and 128 genera. With increasing age, the abundance and diversity of microbes in the cecum first increased and then decreased, with the microbial abundance peaking at 60 days of age and microbial diversity being highest at 30 days of age. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla at 7, 60 and 180 days of age, while the dominant phyla at 30 days of age were Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in the cecum of different ages were different. Acinetobacter, Escherichiacoli-Shigella, and Akkermania had the highest abundance at the age of 7 days. Anaeroplasma and Bacteroides were the most abundant at the age of 30 days, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were the dominant bacteria at 60 and 180 days old, respectively. There were different bacterial groups in the cecum of each age group. At 7, 30, 60, and 180 days of age, there were 28, 24, 8 and 6 different bacterial groups, respectively, and the number of bacterial groups gradually declined with age. In conclusion, African ostriches have complex and diverse cecal microorganisms, and as they mature, the microbial composition and dominating species will shift. This offers a theoretical foundation for future studies on how aging affects gut microorganisms and how they interact with the body.

Cadmium (Cd) is widely distributed. It is highly toxic and difficult to degrade. Long-term consumption of cadmium contaminated feed will exert toxic effects on livestock and poultry's organs, such as liver, kidney, lung, etc. It will also affect their growth, development, and immune function. This paper provides an overview of the toxic mechanism of apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by cadmium poisoning in animals, and summarizes the nutritional strategies to alleviate cadmium poisoning in livestock and poultry. It aims to provide a reference for future research on alleviating cadmium poisoning in livestock and poultry.

A total of 4 328 research papers on animal welfare from 2001 to 2022 were collected in the CNKI database, and subsequent visual analysis using knowledge graph software were conducted to clarify the current status and hot topics of animal welfare research in China, and its development trends was explored as well. The results indicate that animal welfare research in China can be roughly divided into three stages: accelerated start, steady development, and transformation, showing a mature and stable development trend. The research atmosphere for animal welfare is not strong, with a limited number of annual publications, a small number of professional researchers, and small and loosely connected research teams. The research hot topics  mainly focus on trade barriers, animal welfare legislation, laboratory animals, animal ethics, animal welfare education, animal welfare technology, and evaluation. According to the results, environmental enrichment, welfare technology, animal ethics, and the impact of animal welfare on biosafety and growth performance will be the research priorities in the field of animal welfare in China for a certain period of time in the future. Further efforts are needed to strengthen research and practice in animal welfare legislation, national education, and professional education.

The experiment aimed to study the effects of Dorper × Tibetan hybridization on the growth, slaughter performance and meat quality of the offspring. The study conducted hybridization experiments using Dorper sheep and Tibetan sheep as the paternal line and Tibetan sheep as the maternal line. The body weight and body measurement indicators of F₁ generation of Dorper-Tibetan sheep ( Duzang F₁) were determined and compared to those of Tibetan sheep. In each group, 9 individuals were randomly selected for slaughter experiment, and the indexes of meat quality were assessed. The results showed that the body weight, body length and chest circumference of Dorper × Tibetan F1 were significantly higher than those of Tibetan sheep (P<0.001). Additionally, the pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, meat weight, bone weight, slaughter rate, eye muscle area and backfat thickness of Dorper × Tibetan F₁ were all significantly greater than those of Tibetan sheep (P<0.001), while the coefficients of the liver, lung and kidney were obviously lower (P<0.05). Except for the shear force of longissimus dorsi (P=0.001) in F1 generation being lower than that of Tibetan sheep (P=0.001), there were no significant differences in the physical properties of the muscle between the two groups. The moisture, crude protein, and ash content of the longissimus dorsi in Dorper × Tibetan F₁ decreased significantly, whereas the crude fat content was significantly higher than in Tibetan sheep (P<0.001). Compared to Tibetan sheep, the longissimus dorsi muscle of Duzang F1 showed a decreasing trend in calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and iron content, while zinc and selenium levels increased (P<0.05). The proportions of threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, aspartic acid, and histidine in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Duzang F1 were significantly higher, while the proportions of tryptophan, glutamic acid, serine, and tyrosine were significantly lower (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the total saturated fatty acid content in the longissimus dorsi muscle; however, the contents of the two main monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, were significantly higher, while the levels of various polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly (P<0.05). These results indicate that Duzang F1 exhibits superior growth and slaughter performance compared to Tibetan sheep, with meat quality indices also being reasonable. The hybrid advantages are significant, making this crossbred combination an ideal choice for the agro-pastoral transitional zone of Qinghai.

High concentrations of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and pathogenic microorganisms in piggery wastewater pose a serious threat to water bodies and ecological environment. This paper delves into the increasingly prominent piggery wastewater treatment technologies in recent years. It provides a comprehensive overview on the research status, pollutant removal rate, resource utilization and energy efficiency of innovative technologies, including physical and chemical methods, microalgae technology and constructed wetlands. Through the review of the advantages and disadvantages of various resource utilization technologies and existing optimization measures, the paper aims to provide valuable insights for the enhancement and refinement of pig wastewater treatment processes.

In modern farms, cattle behavior identification is of great significance to improving production efficiency, the monitoring of cattle daily behaviors can judge the health status of cattle. And monitoring calving behavior of cattle can find newborn calves in time so as to facilitate nursing and avoid loss. In this experiment, YOLOv5s target detection algorithm was used to conduct behavior detection on cattle farms, and the image data of seven types of cattle behaviors including standing, lying, feeding, drinking, shit, piss and calving were collected, annotated and enhanced, and behavior identification data sets of cattle were made then. Finally, the cattle behavior target detection model was obtained by training in YOLOv5s network. The average accuracy and recall rate of the experiment were 96.9% and 94.1%,providing technical support for intelligent cattle behavior monitoring.

This article aims to investigate the roles of differential metabolites pantothenic acid (PA) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into primordial germ cells (PGCs), and to provide a new theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of PGCs formation from a metabolic perspective. Using BMP4 induction system, five groups were established based on the optimal concentrations of pantothenic acid (PA) and its inhibitor (PZ) and fatty acid oxidation activator (BMS)/inhibitor (Per) in previous studies of the research group: Control, PA+BMS, PA+Per, PZ+BMS, and PZ+Per. Cell morphology was observed, PGCs-specific marker genes were detected by qRT-PCR, and indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were employed to explore the effects of pantothenate metabolism and its downstream fatty acid oxidation during ESCs to PGCs differentiation. Cell morphology observations at day 6 of induction showed a significant increase in embryoid bodies in the PZ+BMS group (P<0.01) and a significant decrease in the PA+Per group (P<0.05). qRT-PCR results indicated a significant increase in CVH and C-KIT expression in the PZ+BMS- induced group (P<0.01), while their expression was significantly reduced in the PA+Per group (P<0.01). Indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometric sorting results demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of DDX4-positive cells  in the PZ+BMS group compared to the control (P<0.05), whereas the PA+Per group showed a significantly lower proportion (P<0.01). These findings suggest that inhibiting pantothenic acid metabolism and activating fatty acid metabolism can promote PGCs formation. This study provides new insights into the optimization of in vitro induction culture system of PGCs using metabolites.

At present, Shaanxi beef cattle industry is in a period of high-quality development, but the analysis on current situation of beef cattle industry shows there are still many problems in beef cattle market, such as the imbalance between supply and demand, poor industrial foundation, long production cycle, backward breeding methods. Advanced agricultural science and technology are needed to empower beef cattle production to promote the high-quality and efficient development of beef cattle production. This paper analyzes the present situation of and the problems in the development of Shaanxi beef cattle industry, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the development of beef cattle industry. It aims to further improve the quality and efficiency of beef cattle breeding industry, and is hoped to provide reference for the development of Shaanxi beef cattle industry.

The paper aims to explore the effects of heat stress on physiological indexes, serum biochemistry, antioxidant function and rumen fermentation parameters of Doper×Hu crossbred rams, so as to provide a theoretical basis for monitoring and prevention of heat stress in sheep. In this study, a single factor completely randomized experiment was used. A total of 18 6-month-old Doper × Hu sheep crossbred F1 rams with similar body weight (27.51±0.96 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 6 rams in each group, and fed in three independent environmental control pods. Among which, Group Ⅰ was the control group (THI=71.78), group Ⅱ was the moderate heat stress group (THI=84.83), group Ⅲ was the severe heat stress group (THI=91.35). The experiment lasted for 12 days, including 5 days of preliminary test and 7 days of experimental period. The results showed heat stress could significantly increase the respiratory rate, skin temperature and rectal temperature (P<0.05), especially at 15:00, the respiratory rate, skin temperature and rectal temperature in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were extremely higher than those in group Ⅰ (P<0.01). The contents of TP and GLB in group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ (P<0.05). T-AOC of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05), the level of SOD in group Ⅲ was extremely lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.01), the level of MDA in group Ⅲ was extremely higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.01). The pH of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05). The concentration of NH3-N in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05). The concentration of TVFA acetic acid and butyric acid in group Ⅲ were extremely higher than those in group Ⅰ (P<0.01), and the ratio of acetic acid and propionate acid (A/P) in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05). The concentration of propionate in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05). Therefore, heat stress results in changes in physiological conditions, decreases in antioxidant capacity, changes in rumen environment and fermentation mode of the Doper×Hu crossbred rams. The severe heat stress is more harmful.

This experiment involved scaling up the cultivation of Clostridium butyricum BLCC1-0022 in a bioreactor to obtain a freeze-dried powder of Clostridium butyricum, followed by an assessment of its toxicity in vivo through acute oral toxicity testing in mice. The results showed that Clostridium butyricum BLCC1-0022, when cultured in a 500 L bioreactor, reached the stationary phases at 18 hours with a minimum pH of 5.15. The viable cell count in the fermentation broth was 2.89×10⁸ CFU/mL, with a spore yield of 96%. The freeze-dried bacterial powder obtained from the entire fermentation broth had a viable bacterial count of 4.1×10¹⁰ CFU/mL (CFU/g). Compared to the control group, the low dose (5 × 10⁸ CF U), medium dose (5×10⁹ and 5×10¹⁰ CFU), and high-dose (5×10¹¹ CFU) groups of mice administered Clostridium butyricum showed no significant differences in growth performance and blood parameters (P>0.05). Furthermore, no bacterial translocation occurred, and there was no pathological damage to the heart, liver, or spleen tissues of the mice. In conclusion, Clostridium butyricum BLCC1-0022 did not induce toxic reactions in the internal organs, blood, or growth performance of the mice, indicating a high level of in vivo safety.

Cryptosporidium, a zoonotic protozoon infecting host animals via the contaminated ingestion of food, water, and other sources, parasitize the digestive tracts of humans and various animals and cause watery diarrhea and even death of infected host. Cryptosporidium parvum is one of the most virulent species in the genus Cryptosporidium, and previous studies also have shown that the virulence of C. parvum have strong relevance to its genotype. Based on gp60 gene locus, this study therefore utilized molecular biological methods to identify subtypes and analyze genetic evolution of C. parvum isolated from dairy cattle in Shaanxi Province. The results showed that C. parvum isolate (SX-1) from dairy cattle in this study was identified as the genotype ⅡdA19G1 belonging to the Ⅱd subtype family. According to the phylogenetic relationship tree constructed, the SX-1 isolates here was grouped in one separate branch with the MH049734, MN304768, MT156342 and AY738194 isolates in GenBank as the IId subtype family. In conclusion, these findings revealed the wide distribution and genetic diversity of C. parvum in dairy cattle in Shaanxi province, and the significance of developing accurate strategies for the prevention and control of calf diarrhea. Additionally, it provides theoretical basis and data support for the formulation of effective prevention and control strategies for C. parvum from dairy cattle in Shaanxi Province.