Senecavirus A, an emerging pathogen responsible for swine vesicular disease, exhibits notable evolutionary and transmissible characteristics. when infected in pigs, it manifests clinical symptoms resembling those of foot-and-mouth disease, resulting in significant economic losses to the swine industry. In recent years, outbreaks of SVA infections have shown an upward trend in Brazil, the United States, and China. Currently, China still lacks standardized diagnostic methods and commercially available vaccines for SVA, underscoring the urgent need for further research so as to prevent its spread and transimission in china. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress in SVA epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, and vaccine development, aiming to offer robust scientific support and practical insights for controlling SVA transmission and formulating effective prevention strategies.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for both humans and animals. Selenium agronomic strengthening of forage is an effective method to solve the low selenium content of forage resources in selenium-deficient areas. In this paper, the research status of forage selenium agronomic enhancement at home and abroad is summarized, and the agronomic enhancement methods of forage selenium (soil base application, foliar spraying, selenium soaking), the physiological effect of selenium on forage, the toxicity of excessive selenium to forage, the absorption and accumulation of exogenous selenium in forage and the application of selenium-rich forage in livestock and poultry production are summarized. The aim is to provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of selenium-rich forage and selenium-rich livestock and poultry products.

To investigate the effects of conventional auxiliary materials (such as mushroom residue and furfural residue) on the fermentation process, maturity, and nitrogen fixation of chicken manure, a single factor experimental design was adopted in the experiment. Pure chicken manure, furfural residue, and mushroom residue were used as composting materials for 30 days. A total of 4 treatments were set up, namely CK (pure chicken manure), T1 (CK+10% furfural residue), T2 (CK+10% furfural residue+10% mushroom residue), and T3 (CK+10% furfural residue+20% mushroom residue). The results showed that adding mushroom residue and furfural residue to the diet prolonged the duration of the high-temperature period of the pile by 11.1%~33.3%, and increased the seed germination rate by 6.1%~12.5%, thereby accelerating the maturation process of the compost. The combination of furfural residue and 10% mushroom residue can significantly reduce the organic matter loss of the compost by 11.1%（P<0.05）, total nitrogen loss of the pile by 10.7%（P<0.05）. Taking into account the fermentation process parameters, nitrogen fixation, and ripening effects of pure chicken manure compost, it is more suitable to mix furfural residue with 10% mushroom residue for application.

This study aims to investigate the effects of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and triglyceride (TAG) synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (DMECs) of dairy goats through overexpression and interference techniques. The complete coding sequence (CDS) of the FTO gene in the mammary tissue of diary goats (Capra hircus) was cloned, and an FTO overexpression vector was constructed. Additionally, small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting FTO were designed and synthesized. RT-qPCR was used to detect changes in the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and triglyceride content in DMECs after overexpressing or interfering with the FTO gene. The results indicated that the full length of the FTO gene CDS region in dairy goat was 1 518 bp, with sequence homology of 99%, 97% and 96% to sheep (Ovis aries) (NM_001104931.1), cattle (Bos taurus) (NM_001098142.1) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) (XM_006043050.4), respectively. Overexpression of FTO in DMECs significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2(DGAT2) (P<0.05), while significantly downregulating the expression levels of triglyceride hydrolysis-related genes such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) (P<0.05). Furthermore, the TAG content in the cells significantly increased. Conversely, interference with FTO in DMECs yielded opposite results. In conclusion, FTO gene plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism in DMECs of dairy goats, providing a theoretical basis for improving the regulatory network of lipid metabolism in mammary gland of dairy goat. 

The experiment aimed to study the effects of Dorper × Tibetan hybridization on the growth, slaughter performance and meat quality of the offspring. The study conducted hybridization experiments using Dorper sheep and Tibetan sheep as the paternal line and Tibetan sheep as the maternal line. The body weight and body measurement indicators of F₁ generation of Dorper-Tibetan sheep ( Duzang F₁) were determined and compared to those of Tibetan sheep. In each group, 9 individuals were randomly selected for slaughter experiment, and the indexes of meat quality were assessed. The results showed that the body weight, body length and chest circumference of Dorper × Tibetan F1 were significantly higher than those of Tibetan sheep (P<0.001). Additionally, the pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, meat weight, bone weight, slaughter rate, eye muscle area and backfat thickness of Dorper × Tibetan F₁ were all significantly greater than those of Tibetan sheep (P<0.001), while the coefficients of the liver, lung and kidney were obviously lower (P<0.05). Except for the shear force of longissimus dorsi (P=0.001) in F1 generation being lower than that of Tibetan sheep (P=0.001), there were no significant differences in the physical properties of the muscle between the two groups. The moisture, crude protein, and ash content of the longissimus dorsi in Dorper × Tibetan F₁ decreased significantly, whereas the crude fat content was significantly higher than in Tibetan sheep (P<0.001). Compared to Tibetan sheep, the longissimus dorsi muscle of Duzang F1 showed a decreasing trend in calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and iron content, while zinc and selenium levels increased (P<0.05). The proportions of threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, aspartic acid, and histidine in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Duzang F1 were significantly higher, while the proportions of tryptophan, glutamic acid, serine, and tyrosine were significantly lower (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the total saturated fatty acid content in the longissimus dorsi muscle; however, the contents of the two main monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, were significantly higher, while the levels of various polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly (P<0.05). These results indicate that Duzang F1 exhibits superior growth and slaughter performance compared to Tibetan sheep, with meat quality indices also being reasonable. The hybrid advantages are significant, making this crossbred combination an ideal choice for the agro-pastoral transitional zone of Qinghai.

High concentrations of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and pathogenic microorganisms in piggery wastewater pose a serious threat to water bodies and ecological environment. This paper delves into the increasingly prominent piggery wastewater treatment technologies in recent years. It provides a comprehensive overview on the research status, pollutant removal rate, resource utilization and energy efficiency of innovative technologies, including physical and chemical methods, microalgae technology and constructed wetlands. Through the review of the advantages and disadvantages of various resource utilization technologies and existing optimization measures, the paper aims to provide valuable insights for the enhancement and refinement of pig wastewater treatment processes.

The cecum is the main organ where the body breaks down dietary fiber and encourages nutrient fermentation, which has a sizable microbiological population. Several species' cecal microorganisms have been examined and studied, but no such research on the African ostrich has been documented. Hence, in this investigation, the diversity of microorganisms in the caecum of African ostriches at 7, 30, 60, and 180 days of age was examined using metagenomics sequencing technology. The results showed that the flora in the caecum of African ostriches was distributed in 9 phyla, 16 classes, 29 orders, 58 families and 128 genera. With increasing age, the abundance and diversity of microbes in the cecum first increased and then decreased, with the microbial abundance peaking at 60 days of age and microbial diversity being highest at 30 days of age. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla at 7, 60 and 180 days of age, while the dominant phyla at 30 days of age were Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in the cecum of different ages were different. Acinetobacter, Escherichiacoli-Shigella, and Akkermania had the highest abundance at the age of 7 days. Anaeroplasma and Bacteroides were the most abundant at the age of 30 days, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were the dominant bacteria at 60 and 180 days old, respectively. There were different bacterial groups in the cecum of each age group. At 7, 30, 60, and 180 days of age, there were 28, 24, 8 and 6 different bacterial groups, respectively, and the number of bacterial groups gradually declined with age. In conclusion, African ostriches have complex and diverse cecal microorganisms, and as they mature, the microbial composition and dominating species will shift. This offers a theoretical foundation for future studies on how aging affects gut microorganisms and how they interact with the body.

A total of 4 328 research papers on animal welfare from 2001 to 2022 were collected in the CNKI database, and subsequent visual analysis using knowledge graph software were conducted to clarify the current status and hot topics of animal welfare research in China, and its development trends was explored as well. The results indicate that animal welfare research in China can be roughly divided into three stages: accelerated start, steady development, and transformation, showing a mature and stable development trend. The research atmosphere for animal welfare is not strong, with a limited number of annual publications, a small number of professional researchers, and small and loosely connected research teams. The research hot topics  mainly focus on trade barriers, animal welfare legislation, laboratory animals, animal ethics, animal welfare education, animal welfare technology, and evaluation. According to the results, environmental enrichment, welfare technology, animal ethics, and the impact of animal welfare on biosafety and growth performance will be the research priorities in the field of animal welfare in China for a certain period of time in the future. Further efforts are needed to strengthen research and practice in animal welfare legislation, national education, and professional education.

Milk production traits are crucial economic traits in Holstein cattle, and estimating genetic parameters for milk production traits lays a solid foundation for subsequent breeding research. This study integrated 567 969 DHI test-day records and pedigree data from 60 560 Holstein cows across 13 farms in Hebei and Ningxia provinces between 2009 and 2023. Genetic parameter estimation for milk production traits was conducted using a random regression test-day model. The results indicated heritability estimation for each trait in the first and second parity were as follows: Daily Milk Yield - 0.24 and 0.15; Milk Protein Yield - 0.19 and 0.13; Milk Fat Yield - 0.11 and 0.07; Somatic Cell Score - 0.02 for both parities. Moreover, there were positive phenotypic and genetic correlations among Daily Milk Yield, Milk Protein Yield, and Milk Fat Yield, while mostly negative phenotypic and genetic correlations were observed between Somatic Cell Score and the aforementioned three traits. These findings provide important insights for population breeding of Holstein cattle.

To investigate the application effect of air source heat pump (ASHP) heating system and mechanical ventilation in calf sheds during winter, the experiment selected a shed with ASHP as the experimental shed and a shed without any heating system as the control in Hebei province, and the differences in indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, air quality, health score and growth performance of calves under different ventilation frequencies were compared. The results showed that the energy efficiency ratio of ASHP was 3.70. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significantly higher daily average temperature, ammonia, and carbon dioxide concentrations when the fan frequency was set at 20, 15, or 10 Hz (P<0.05). The rectal temperature, feces, and overall health score of calves in the experimental sheds were 0.44±0.15, 0.17±0.12, and 1.11±0.20, respectively, which were significantly better than those in the control sheds, which were 1.00±0.21, 0.80±0.20, and 3.11±0.70, respectively (P<0.05). The average daily weight gain of calves in the experimental sheds was 0.80±0.03 kg/d, showing a significant trend of being higher than that in the control sheds which was 0.72±0.04 kg/d (P=0.09). The study suggests that using ASHP for heating in calf sheds in winter can enhance calf's health and growth performance, with better insulation effects observed when the fan frequency is below 25 Hz. 

To investigate the preventive effect of dried pomegranate peel powder on chicken coccidiosis, this study used Ross 308 chicks as the research object. 7-day-old chicks were divided into 5 groups: low-dose group (1.1 g/kg), high-dose group (3.1 g/kg), salinomycin group (650 mg/kg), negative control group and positive control group. Each group consisted of 5 replicates, with 10 chickens per replicate. During 7 to 22 days of age, a coccidia-infection feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate its effect on production performance, anti-coccidiosis effect, serum biochemical indicators, serum antioxidant indices, and intestinal morphological structure following coccidia infection. The results indicated that prior to coccidia infection, the addition of 1.1 g/kg and 3.1 g/kg dried pomegranate peel powder to the basal diet significantly increased the body weight of infected chicks, reduced the feed-to-weight ratio, and improved growth performance. The highest ACI in the salinomycin group was 173.58, while the ACI for the low and high dose groups were 167.98 and 163.7, respectively, both achieving a moderate anti-coccidia effects. The addition of different doses of dried pomegranate peel powder to the diet resulted in higher levels of GSH-PX and SOD compared to the positive control group, with a significant increase in T-AOC content in the low dose group (P<0.01), and the serum MDA content was reduced in all treatment groups. Except for the high dose group, which exhibited lower VH in the jejunum compared to the positive control group, the VH and VH/CD ratios in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum for the other groups were higher than those in the positive group. Thus, the addition of 1.1 g/kg dried pomegranate peel powder to the basial diet of chicks can enhance their growth performance, alleviate the bloody stool, oocyst count, and intestinal pathological damage associated with coccidia infection, thereby improving overall health and immune function. The findings suggest that dried pomegranate peel powder has considerable preventive and therapeutic effects against chicken coccidiosis.

This article aims to investigate the roles of differential metabolites pantothenic acid (PA) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into primordial germ cells (PGCs), and to provide a new theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of PGCs formation from a metabolic perspective. Using BMP4 induction system, five groups were established based on the optimal concentrations of pantothenic acid (PA) and its inhibitor (PZ) and fatty acid oxidation activator (BMS)/inhibitor (Per) in previous studies of the research group: Control, PA+BMS, PA+Per, PZ+BMS, and PZ+Per. Cell morphology was observed, PGCs-specific marker genes were detected by qRT-PCR, and indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were employed to explore the effects of pantothenate metabolism and its downstream fatty acid oxidation during ESCs to PGCs differentiation. Cell morphology observations at day 6 of induction showed a significant increase in embryoid bodies in the PZ+BMS group (P<0.01) and a significant decrease in the PA+Per group (P<0.05). qRT-PCR results indicated a significant increase in CVH and C-KIT expression in the PZ+BMS- induced group (P<0.01), while their expression was significantly reduced in the PA+Per group (P<0.01). Indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometric sorting results demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of DDX4-positive cells  in the PZ+BMS group compared to the control (P<0.05), whereas the PA+Per group showed a significantly lower proportion (P<0.01). These findings suggest that inhibiting pantothenic acid metabolism and activating fatty acid metabolism can promote PGCs formation. This study provides new insights into the optimization of in vitro induction culture system of PGCs using metabolites.

At present, Shaanxi beef cattle industry is in a period of high-quality development, but the analysis on current situation of beef cattle industry shows there are still many problems in beef cattle market, such as the imbalance between supply and demand, poor industrial foundation, long production cycle, backward breeding methods. Advanced agricultural science and technology are needed to empower beef cattle production to promote the high-quality and efficient development of beef cattle production. This paper analyzes the present situation of and the problems in the development of Shaanxi beef cattle industry, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the development of beef cattle industry. It aims to further improve the quality and efficiency of beef cattle breeding industry, and is hoped to provide reference for the development of Shaanxi beef cattle industry.

With the advancement of next-generation information technologies, intelligent livestock and poultry farming has been accelerated. IoT-based smart farming equipment has been increasingly applied, leading to the emergence of various intelligent farming devices such as behavior monitoring, weight estimation, and environmental monitoring. Various wireless sensors within farming environments transmit data through electromagnetic waves, resulting in increasingly complex electromagnetic environments in livestock and poultry facilities. The electromagnetic radiation generated during intelligent farming and its potential effects on livestock and poultry health have become a growing concern. This paper reviews the changes in the electromagnetic environment of livestock and poultry farms in China, along with the current status of electromagnetic biological effects research both domestically and internationally. It discusses the impact of electromagnetic radiation on animal reproduction and development, cognition, and memory, immunity, cellular DNA damage, and repair, as well as stem cell proliferation and differentiation, across three frequency bands: low, medium, and high, based on in vitro cultured cells, tissues, and experimental animals. Furthermore, the paper reviews experimental setups for studying electromagnetic biological effects and the allowable exposure thresholds for electromagnetic radiation. It hypothesizes that the electromagnetic radiation associated with intelligent farming may have potential effects on livestock health. To address the emerging issue of electromagnetic pollution in the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment of smart farming, it is crucial for China to promptly advance research on establishing electromagnetic environment assessment standards and safety limits for livestock facilities while strengthening and rationalizing preventive and control measures to enhance livestock and poultry health.

To enable different types of rabbit farms to use the same information system and to provide analysis services of an enterprise and the overall rabbit industry, an information management platform for the rabbit industry based on multi-tenancy was developed. The multi-tenancy pattern and information technology, such as SpringBoot, Vue, ECharts, and MySQL were adopted to realize 8 management functions, such as management of the rabbits' basic information, breeding process, feeding, sales, and so on. A total of 18 chart analysis functions were developed according to query requirements of the rabbits' information, breeding information, and others. More than 40 kinds of common rabbit diseases and forward reasoning rules were used to build the disease diagnosis expert system. The kind of sick rabbits' diseases was deduced and the suggestions for prevention and treatment were given according to the symptom input by the user. Based on the data of the Animal Husbandry Teaching Experimental Base of Northwest A & F University, a total of 5021 items about basic information, breeding, feeding, and so on were entered. The concurrent stress of the system was tested using Jmeter. Results of 1 000 users demonstrated that the request for system login achieved an average response time of 0.46 seconds. The response tests of 62 functional interfaces were implemented using Postman, and the results indicated that all of the response times were less than 50 milliseconds. In summary, the test results show that the platform meets the application requirements of rabbit industry information service in multi-tenant mode, production function and disease diagnosis practice.