Senecavirus A, an emerging pathogen responsible for swine vesicular disease, exhibits notable evolutionary and transmissible characteristics. when infected in pigs, it manifests clinical symptoms resembling those of foot-and-mouth disease, resulting in significant economic losses to the swine industry. In recent years, outbreaks of SVA infections have shown an upward trend in Brazil, the United States, and China. Currently, China still lacks standardized diagnostic methods and commercially available vaccines for SVA, underscoring the urgent need for further research so as to prevent its spread and transimission in china. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress in SVA epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, and vaccine development, aiming to offer robust scientific support and practical insights for controlling SVA transmission and formulating effective prevention strategies.

To investigate the effects of conventional auxiliary materials (such as mushroom residue and furfural residue) on the fermentation process, maturity, and nitrogen fixation of chicken manure, a single factor experimental design was adopted in the experiment. Pure chicken manure, furfural residue, and mushroom residue were used as composting materials for 30 days. A total of 4 treatments were set up, namely CK (pure chicken manure), T1 (CK+10% furfural residue), T2 (CK+10% furfural residue+10% mushroom residue), and T3 (CK+10% furfural residue+20% mushroom residue). The results showed that adding mushroom residue and furfural residue to the diet prolonged the duration of the high-temperature period of the pile by 11.1%~33.3%, and increased the seed germination rate by 6.1%~12.5%, thereby accelerating the maturation process of the compost. The combination of furfural residue and 10% mushroom residue can significantly reduce the organic matter loss of the compost by 11.1%（P<0.05）, total nitrogen loss of the pile by 10.7%（P<0.05）. Taking into account the fermentation process parameters, nitrogen fixation, and ripening effects of pure chicken manure compost, it is more suitable to mix furfural residue with 10% mushroom residue for application.

The experiment aimed to study the effects of Dorper × Tibetan hybridization on the growth, slaughter performance and meat quality of the offspring. The study conducted hybridization experiments using Dorper sheep and Tibetan sheep as the paternal line and Tibetan sheep as the maternal line. The body weight and body measurement indicators of F₁ generation of Dorper-Tibetan sheep ( Duzang F₁) were determined and compared to those of Tibetan sheep. In each group, 9 individuals were randomly selected for slaughter experiment, and the indexes of meat quality were assessed. The results showed that the body weight, body length and chest circumference of Dorper × Tibetan F1 were significantly higher than those of Tibetan sheep (P<0.001). Additionally, the pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, meat weight, bone weight, slaughter rate, eye muscle area and backfat thickness of Dorper × Tibetan F₁ were all significantly greater than those of Tibetan sheep (P<0.001), while the coefficients of the liver, lung and kidney were obviously lower (P<0.05). Except for the shear force of longissimus dorsi (P=0.001) in F1 generation being lower than that of Tibetan sheep (P=0.001), there were no significant differences in the physical properties of the muscle between the two groups. The moisture, crude protein, and ash content of the longissimus dorsi in Dorper × Tibetan F₁ decreased significantly, whereas the crude fat content was significantly higher than in Tibetan sheep (P<0.001). Compared to Tibetan sheep, the longissimus dorsi muscle of Duzang F1 showed a decreasing trend in calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and iron content, while zinc and selenium levels increased (P<0.05). The proportions of threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, aspartic acid, and histidine in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Duzang F1 were significantly higher, while the proportions of tryptophan, glutamic acid, serine, and tyrosine were significantly lower (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the total saturated fatty acid content in the longissimus dorsi muscle; however, the contents of the two main monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, were significantly higher, while the levels of various polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly (P<0.05). These results indicate that Duzang F1 exhibits superior growth and slaughter performance compared to Tibetan sheep, with meat quality indices also being reasonable. The hybrid advantages are significant, making this crossbred combination an ideal choice for the agro-pastoral transitional zone of Qinghai.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for both humans and animals. Selenium agronomic strengthening of forage is an effective method to solve the low selenium content of forage resources in selenium-deficient areas. In this paper, the research status of forage selenium agronomic enhancement at home and abroad is summarized, and the agronomic enhancement methods of forage selenium (soil base application, foliar spraying, selenium soaking), the physiological effect of selenium on forage, the toxicity of excessive selenium to forage, the absorption and accumulation of exogenous selenium in forage and the application of selenium-rich forage in livestock and poultry production are summarized. The aim is to provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of selenium-rich forage and selenium-rich livestock and poultry products.

Milk production traits are crucial economic traits in Holstein cattle, and estimating genetic parameters for milk production traits lays a solid foundation for subsequent breeding research. This study integrated 567 969 DHI test-day records and pedigree data from 60 560 Holstein cows across 13 farms in Hebei and Ningxia provinces between 2009 and 2023. Genetic parameter estimation for milk production traits was conducted using a random regression test-day model. The results indicated heritability estimation for each trait in the first and second parity were as follows: Daily Milk Yield - 0.24 and 0.15; Milk Protein Yield - 0.19 and 0.13; Milk Fat Yield - 0.11 and 0.07; Somatic Cell Score - 0.02 for both parities. Moreover, there were positive phenotypic and genetic correlations among Daily Milk Yield, Milk Protein Yield, and Milk Fat Yield, while mostly negative phenotypic and genetic correlations were observed between Somatic Cell Score and the aforementioned three traits. These findings provide important insights for population breeding of Holstein cattle.

A total of 4 328 research papers on animal welfare from 2001 to 2022 were collected in the CNKI database, and subsequent visual analysis using knowledge graph software were conducted to clarify the current status and hot topics of animal welfare research in China, and its development trends was explored as well. The results indicate that animal welfare research in China can be roughly divided into three stages: accelerated start, steady development, and transformation, showing a mature and stable development trend. The research atmosphere for animal welfare is not strong, with a limited number of annual publications, a small number of professional researchers, and small and loosely connected research teams. The research hot topics  mainly focus on trade barriers, animal welfare legislation, laboratory animals, animal ethics, animal welfare education, animal welfare technology, and evaluation. According to the results, environmental enrichment, welfare technology, animal ethics, and the impact of animal welfare on biosafety and growth performance will be the research priorities in the field of animal welfare in China for a certain period of time in the future. Further efforts are needed to strengthen research and practice in animal welfare legislation, national education, and professional education.

The cecum is the main organ where the body breaks down dietary fiber and encourages nutrient fermentation, which has a sizable microbiological population. Several species' cecal microorganisms have been examined and studied, but no such research on the African ostrich has been documented. Hence, in this investigation, the diversity of microorganisms in the caecum of African ostriches at 7, 30, 60, and 180 days of age was examined using metagenomics sequencing technology. The results showed that the flora in the caecum of African ostriches was distributed in 9 phyla, 16 classes, 29 orders, 58 families and 128 genera. With increasing age, the abundance and diversity of microbes in the cecum first increased and then decreased, with the microbial abundance peaking at 60 days of age and microbial diversity being highest at 30 days of age. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla at 7, 60 and 180 days of age, while the dominant phyla at 30 days of age were Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in the cecum of different ages were different. Acinetobacter, Escherichiacoli-Shigella, and Akkermania had the highest abundance at the age of 7 days. Anaeroplasma and Bacteroides were the most abundant at the age of 30 days, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were the dominant bacteria at 60 and 180 days old, respectively. There were different bacterial groups in the cecum of each age group. At 7, 30, 60, and 180 days of age, there were 28, 24, 8 and 6 different bacterial groups, respectively, and the number of bacterial groups gradually declined with age. In conclusion, African ostriches have complex and diverse cecal microorganisms, and as they mature, the microbial composition and dominating species will shift. This offers a theoretical foundation for future studies on how aging affects gut microorganisms and how they interact with the body.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different energy and protein levels in diets during the fattening period on fermentation parameters and microbial diversity in the rumen of yaks. A total of 48 Niangya yaks, aged 2.5 years and with similar body weight and condition, were selected. They were randomly divided into 6 groups using a 3×2 two-factor design based on different energy levels (7.63, 8.25, and 8.88 MJ/kg) and protein levels (10.84%, 12.82%), with 8 replicates per group (half male and half female), and one yak per replicate. The adaptation period lasted for 15 days, followed by a trial period of 60 days. The results showed that 1) in yaks' rumen, NH₃-N content in low energy group was significantly lower than that in medium and high energy groups (P<0.05). The molar percentage of acetic acid was significantly higher in high-energy group compared to the low-energy group (P<0.05). The molar percentages of isobutyric acid and isovalerate were significantly higher in high-energy group than in medium energy group (P<0.05), and the molar percentage of valerate was significantly higher in high-energy group than in both low and medium energy groups (P<0.05). The molar percentage of butyrate in medium energy group was significantly higher than that in low energy group (P<0.05). The molar percentage of valerate in high protein group was significantly higher than that in low protein group (P<0.05). There was a significant interaction between dietary energy and protein levels on NH3-N concentration (P<0.05). 2) In rumen microflora, the Chao 1 index in high protein group was significantly lower than that in low protein group (P<0.05). There was a significant interaction between dietary energy and protein levels on the Chao1 and Shannon indices (P<0.05). 3) The relative abundance of Tenericutes in medium energy group was significantly higher than that in high energy group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Patescibacteria in low energy group was significantly lower than that in medium and high energy groups (P<0.05), while it was significantly higher in high protein group than that in low protein group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Bacterium F082 in high energy group was significantly higher than that in low energy group (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was significantly lower than that in low energy group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the enegery level of diets during fattening period did not affect the rumen environment of yaks. However, a low protein level reduced rumen ammonia nitrogen content and increased rumen microbial richness, although it did not affect the composition of rumen microorganisms.

This study aims to investigate the effects of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and triglyceride (TAG) synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (DMECs) of dairy goats through overexpression and interference techniques. The complete coding sequence (CDS) of the FTO gene in the mammary tissue of diary goats (Capra hircus) was cloned, and an FTO overexpression vector was constructed. Additionally, small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting FTO were designed and synthesized. RT-qPCR was used to detect changes in the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and triglyceride content in DMECs after overexpressing or interfering with the FTO gene. The results indicated that the full length of the FTO gene CDS region in dairy goat was 1 518 bp, with sequence homology of 99%, 97% and 96% to sheep (Ovis aries) (NM_001104931.1), cattle (Bos taurus) (NM_001098142.1) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) (XM_006043050.4), respectively. Overexpression of FTO in DMECs significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2(DGAT2) (P<0.05), while significantly downregulating the expression levels of triglyceride hydrolysis-related genes such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) (P<0.05). Furthermore, the TAG content in the cells significantly increased. Conversely, interference with FTO in DMECs yielded opposite results. In conclusion, FTO gene plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism in DMECs of dairy goats, providing a theoretical basis for improving the regulatory network of lipid metabolism in mammary gland of dairy goat. 

High concentrations of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and pathogenic microorganisms in piggery wastewater pose a serious threat to water bodies and ecological environment. This paper delves into the increasingly prominent piggery wastewater treatment technologies in recent years. It provides a comprehensive overview on the research status, pollutant removal rate, resource utilization and energy efficiency of innovative technologies, including physical and chemical methods, microalgae technology and constructed wetlands. Through the review of the advantages and disadvantages of various resource utilization technologies and existing optimization measures, the paper aims to provide valuable insights for the enhancement and refinement of pig wastewater treatment processes.

In order to investigate the effects of different fishmeal additions to feeds on the growth performance, conventional nutrients, and health status of Onychostoma macrolepis juveniles, three types of practical feeds were formulated to have equal nitrogen and fat content but different fishmeal levels (20% (FM20), 16% (FM16), 12% (FM12)). The commercial yellow catfish feed (CN), commonly used in Onychostoma macrolepis production, served as the control. A total of 192 juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (6.00±0.05 g) were randomly allocated into four groups and subjected to a 70-day culture trial. The results showed that (1) there was no significant difference in specific growth rate and final body weight between the FM20 group and the CN group, and the degree of fattening was significantly higher than that of the CN group (P<0.05); the feed coefficients of the FM20 and CN groups were significantly lower than that of the FM12 group; (2) the composition of fatty acids of the whole fish showed that ΣSFA of the CN group was significantly higher than that of the remaining three groups; ΣMUFA of the CN and FM20 groups was significantly higher than that of the FM16 and FM12 groups; muscle crude protein level of FM20 and CN groups was significantly higher than that of FM12 group (P<0.05); (3) hepatopancreatic T-SOD activity of FM20 group was significantly higher than that of CN group (P<0.05); CAT activity of FM20 group was significantly higher than that of FM12 group, and the hepatopancreatic MDA content of FM12 group was significantly higher than that of FM20 group (P<0.05); and (4) the height of intestinal villi in FM20 group was significantly higher than that in FM16 and FM12 groups. In summary, under the conditions of this study, the group adding 20% fishmeal was not significantly different from the yellow catfish feed group in terms of production performance, conventional nutrients, and health condition. And the total fish weight gain and comprehensive benefit increased by 6.23 % and 8.02 %, respectively, compared with the commercial feed group, which could partially replace the commercial yellow catfish feed. This study provides a reference to the status of lacking specialized feed for the Onychostoma macrolepis industry.

With the advancement of next-generation information technologies, intelligent livestock and poultry farming has been accelerated. IoT-based smart farming equipment has been increasingly applied, leading to the emergence of various intelligent farming devices such as behavior monitoring, weight estimation, and environmental monitoring. Various wireless sensors within farming environments transmit data through electromagnetic waves, resulting in increasingly complex electromagnetic environments in livestock and poultry facilities. The electromagnetic radiation generated during intelligent farming and its potential effects on livestock and poultry health have become a growing concern. This paper reviews the changes in the electromagnetic environment of livestock and poultry farms in China, along with the current status of electromagnetic biological effects research both domestically and internationally. It discusses the impact of electromagnetic radiation on animal reproduction and development, cognition, and memory, immunity, cellular DNA damage, and repair, as well as stem cell proliferation and differentiation, across three frequency bands: low, medium, and high, based on in vitro cultured cells, tissues, and experimental animals. Furthermore, the paper reviews experimental setups for studying electromagnetic biological effects and the allowable exposure thresholds for electromagnetic radiation. It hypothesizes that the electromagnetic radiation associated with intelligent farming may have potential effects on livestock health. To address the emerging issue of electromagnetic pollution in the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment of smart farming, it is crucial for China to promptly advance research on establishing electromagnetic environment assessment standards and safety limits for livestock facilities while strengthening and rationalizing preventive and control measures to enhance livestock and poultry health.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Curcumin (Cur) on cecal bacteria in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 180 healthy 1-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 12 chickens in each replicate. The control group (C group) and heat stress group (HS group) were fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were supplemented with 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg of Curcumin in the basal diet, respectively. The heat stress test began at day 21 and ended at day 42. The environmental temperature of the control group was controlled at 22±1 ℃ for 24 h. The environmental temperature of the heat stress group and the experimental group was at 34±1 ℃, 8h/d, and the rest of the time was controlled at 22±1 ℃. The results showed that: 1) adding 75 mg/kg curcumin significantly increased the diversity of cecal microbiota in broilers (P<0.05); 2) Adding 150 mg/kg of curcumin can increase the proportion of Colidextribacter; 3) The KEGG functional enrichment analysis results showed that adding 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of curcumin can increase the relative abundance of pathways such as amino acid synthesis and metabolism, carbon metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism. In conclusion, adding curcumin to the diet can to some extent regulate the balance of cecal microbiota in heat stressed broilers and maintain intestinal health.

This experiment aimed to investigate the variation of environmental parameters in sheep caves and the impact of light control measures on the sheep cave environment, and to optimize the number and placement of points for environmental control. The experiment utilized a multi-functional gas analyzer for livestock and poultry (CN201410008619.7) to monitor harmful gas concentrations, light intensity, wind speed, temperature, and humidity continuously  in the context of reusing abandoned cave dwellings in the northern Shaanxi region. The experimental data collected while the sheep were inside the cave were used for analysis of gas concentration differences, comparison of gas fitting degrees inside the cave, and construction of regression equations for harmful gas concentration variations. Results showed there were significant differences (P<0.05) in methane and carbon dioxide gas concentrations at three points within the cave. Light control had an impact on the variation of harmful gas concentrations in the caves. The trend of changes in harmful gas concentrations varied considerably, with ammonia concentrations lower than those in non-light-controlled caves, and carbon dioxide and methane concentrations higher than those in non-light-controlled cave, but with consistent concentration change trends. Throughout the experiment, the sheep in both caves remained in a comfortable environment without obvious stress reactions, indicating the feasibility of utilizing abandoned cave dwellings for sheep husbandry.