Precocious puberty was pathologic for humans, but was an important trait for animals. Onset of puberty was a complex biological process, and was under the control of HPG axis. Permissive signals and development clock provided the information on somatic growth, energy balance and environment changes, time the awakening of GnRH neurons that were quiescent during the prepubertal stage. The decrease in inhibition input and increase in excitation input led to high frequency GnRH pulse release, promoted the gametogenesis and gonadal steroid secretion. In turn, steroid hormones affected the GnRH release by negative feedback, and also promoted sexual behavior. In addition to GnRH neurons, the glial cells were also involved in puberty onset, mainly included growth factor families, the neural cell adhesion molecule and contactin. The epigenetic modulation of GnRH gene may play an important role in puberty onset.
Key words
puberty onset /
permissive signal /
development clock /
steroid hormone
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